Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposures: Auditory and Vestibular Pathology

Hoffer, Michael E.; Balaban, Carey D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5_67

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The prevalence of the tympanic membrane perforation was about 32% of patients who were evaluated 7). The frequency of perforation varied from as low as 16% to as high as 29% 11). The perforations of the tympanic membrane were found 60% at central, 25% at anterior, and 15% at postero-superior 17).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Blast Induced Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This indicates that these damages may mainly result from the auditory pathways rather than from direct impact onto the brain parenchyma 23). Histopathological consequences of the inner ear caused by blast overpressure include hematoma and hemorrhage within the perilymph 11). This indicates that subarachnoid hemorrhage is a major contributor to the blast related dizziness and headache.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Blast Induced Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of blast on human body are determined b a variety of factors: distance from the blast, orientation towards the blast, environmental features resulting in reflection and resonance of the blast wave, power of the blast itself, and patient's previous trauma history. 11) …”

Section: Classification Of Blast Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been clinically reported that permanent sensorineural hearing loss rates associated with blast overpressure in military personnel range from 33 to 78% 11). Although there is high prevalence in hearing loss associated with blast overpressure, the mechanisms of blast induced hearing loss have not been well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10) It has been clinically reported that permanent sensorineural hearing loss rates associated with blast overpressure in military personnel range from 33 to 78%. 11) Although there is high prevalence in hearing loss associated with blast overpressure, the mechanisms of blast induced hearing loss have not been well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide an overview of the basic mechanisms of blast induced hearing loss and review pharmacological treatments or interventions that reduce or inhibit blast induced hearing loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms and Treatment of Blast Induced Hearing Loss

Choi

2012

Korean J Audiol

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The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of the basic mechanisms of blast induced hearing loss and review pharmacological treatments or interventions that can reduce or inhibit blast induced hearing loss. The mechanisms of blast induced hearing loss have been studied in experimental animal models mimicking features of damage or injury seen in human. Blast induced hearing loss is characterized by perforation and rupture of the tympanic membrane, ossicular damage, basilar membrane damage, inner and outer hair cell loss, rupture of round window, changes in chemical components of cochlear fluid, vasospasm, ischemia, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, hematoma, and hemorrhage in both animals and humans. These histopathological consequences of blast exposure can induce hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and headache. The pharmacological approaches to block or inhibit some of the auditory pathological consequences caused by blast exposure have been developed with antioxidant drugs such as 2,4-disulfonyl α-phenyl tertiary butyl nitrone (HXY-059, now called HPN-07) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A combination of antioxidant drugs (HPN-07 and NAC) was administered to reduce blast induced cochlear damage and hearing loss. The combination of the antioxidant drugs can prevent or treat blast induced hearing loss by reducing damage to the mechanical and neural component of the auditory system. Although information of the underlying mechanisms and treatment of blast induced hearing loss are provided, further and deep research should be achieved due to the limited and controversial knowledge.

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Section: Mechanism Of Blast Induced Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Mechanism Of Blast Induced Hearing Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Classification Of Blast Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms and Treatment of Blast Induced Hearing Loss

Choi

2012

Korean J Audiol

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Review of blast noise and the auditory system

2022

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A Retrospective Study of the Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Auditory Function: From a Clinical Perspective

et al. 2022

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Purpose: The main purpose of this retrospective study was to identify auditory dysfunctions related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in individuals evaluated in an Audiology clinic. Method: Peripheral and central auditory evaluations were performed from March 2014 to June 2018 in 26 patients (14 males) with TBI. The age of the participants ranged from 9 to 59 years old (34.24 ± 15.21). Six participants had blast-related TBI and 20 had blunt force TBI. Sixteen experienced a single TBI event whereas ten experienced several. Correlation analyses were performed to verify the relationship, if any, between the number of auditory tests failed and the number, type, and severity of TBIs. Result: All participants failed at least one auditory test. Nearly 60% had abnormal results on degraded speech tests (compressed and echoed, filtered or in background noise) and 25% had a high frequency hearing loss. There was no statistically significant correlation between the number of auditory tests failed and the number, type, and severity of TBIs. Conclusion: Results indicated negative and heterogenous effects of TBI on peripheral and central auditory function and highlighted the need for a more extensive auditory assessment in individuals with TBI.

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposures: Auditory and Vestibular Pathology

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Mechanisms and Treatment of Blast Induced Hearing Loss

Mechanisms and Treatment of Blast Induced Hearing Loss

Review of blast noise and the auditory system

A Retrospective Study of the Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Auditory Function: From a Clinical Perspective

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