Traumatic brain injury: sex, gender and intersecting vulnerabilities

Mollayeva, Tatyana; Mollayeva, Shirin; Colantonio, Angela

doi:10.1038/s41582-018-0091-y

Cited by 233 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…In the present study, maternal education was associated with child PL at both study visits, and child sex was linked to parent report of AF. Although we controlled for these variables in our analyses, it remains possible that sex and/or parental education interact with early TBI to predict long-term outcomes (Mollayeva, Mollayeva, & Colantonio, 2018). Notably, a recent study found that childhood TBI-related functional differences in adolescents were only present when these teens lived in homes with low environmental enrichment and that these differences disappeared at higher levels of enrichment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Brain Injury and Adaptive Functioning in Middle Childhood: The Mediating Role of Pragmatic Language

Hendrix

King

Wise

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objective: Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often adversely affect adaptive functioning (AF). However, the cognitive mechanisms by which AF is disrupted are not well understood in young children who sustain TBI. This study examined pragmatic language (PL) and executive functioning (EF) as potential mechanisms for AF disruption in children with early, predominantly mild-complicated, TBI. Method: The sample consisted of 76 children between the ages of 6 and 10 years old who sustained a TBI (n = 36) or orthopedic injury (OI; n = 40) before 6 years of age and at least 1 year prior to testing (M = 4.86 years, SD = 1.59). Children’s performance on a PL and an expressive vocabulary task (which served as a control task), and parent report of child’s EF and AF were examined at two time points 1 year apart (i.e., at age 8 and at age 9 years). Results: Injury type (TBI vs. OI) significantly predicted child’s social and conceptual, but not practical, AF. Results indicated that PL, and not expressive vocabulary or EF at time 1, mediated the relationship between injury type and both social and conceptual AF at time 2. Conclusions: A TBI during early childhood appears to subtly, but uniquely, disrupt complex language skills (i.e., PL), which in turn may disrupt subsequent social and conceptual AF in middle childhood. Additional longitudinal research that examines different aspects of PL and adaptive outcomes into adolescence is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Brain Injury and Adaptive Functioning in Middle Childhood: The Mediating Role of Pragmatic Language

Hendrix

King

Wise

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…[63][64][65][66][67][68]. Recent reviews report there are male/female differences in morbidity and mortality following TBI [69,70]. However, the data collected over decades of preclinical and clinical research are inconsistent, certainly as it relates to the role of estrogen and progesterone [71].…”

Section: Limitations and Data Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Early Vasogenic Edema Following Minor Head Injury That Can Be Reduced With a Vasopressin V1a Receptor Antagonist

Kulkarni

Bhosle

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Does minor head injury without signs of structural brain damage cause short-term changes in vasogenic edema as measured by an increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using diffusion weighted imaging? If so, could the increase in vasogenic edema be treated with a vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist? We hypothesized that SRX251, a highly selective V1a antagonist, would reduce vasogenic edema in response to a single minor head injury.Methods: Lightly anesthetized male rats were subjected to a sham procedure or a single hit to the forehead using a closed skull, momentum exchange model. Animals recovered in five min and were injected with saline vehicle (n=8) or SRX251 (n=8) at 15 min post head injury and again 7-8 hrs later. At 2 hrs, 6 hrs, and 24 hrs post injury, rats were anesthetized and scanned for increases in ADC, a neurological measure of vasogenic edema. Sham rats (n=6) were exposed to anesthesia and scannedat all time points but were not hit or treated. Images were registered to and analyzed using a 3D MRI rat atlas providing site-specific data on 150 different brain areas. These brain areas were divided into 11 major brain regions.Results: Untreated rats with head injury showed a significant increase in global brain vasogenic edema as compared to sham and SRX251 treated rats. Edema peaked at 6 hrs in injured, untreated rats in three brain regions where changes in ADC were observed, but returned to sham levels by 24 hrs. There were regional variations in the time course of vasogenic edema and drug efficacy. Edema was significantly reduced in cerebellum and thalamus with SRX251 treatment while the basal ganglia did not show a significant response to treatment. Conclusion: A single minor impact to the forehead causes regional increases in vasogenic edema that peak at 6 hrs but return to baseline within a day in a subset of brain regions. Treatment with a selective V1a receptor antagonist can reduce much of the edema.

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“…Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an extremely common condition, affecting people of all ages and genders . In the United States, about 1.7‐2 million people suffer from TBI each year .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence of TBI in China is lower than that in the United States, but the annual number of cases in China has nearly doubled in recent years . Furthermore, TBI is the leading form of brain injury in children, and the main cause of disability and death in young and middle‐aged people in most countries . Because of this, costs of TBI to families and to society are relatively high all around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen exerts neuroprotection by activation of the miR‐21/PI3K/AKT/GSK‐3β pathway in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury

Wang

Yin

Wang

et al. 2020

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Few studies have explored the effect of hydrogen on neuronal apoptosis or impaired nerve regeneration after traumatic brain injury, and the mechanisms involved in these processes are unclear. In this study, we explored neuroprotection of hydrogen‐rich medium through activation of the miR‐21/PI3K/AKT/GSK‐3β pathway in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury. Such model adopted PC12 cells with manual scratching. Then, injured cells were cultured in hydrogen‐rich medium for 48 hours. Expression of miR‐21, p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, p‐GSK‐3β, Bax and Bcl‐2 was measured using RT‐qPCR, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Rate of apoptosis was determined using TUNEL staining. Neuronal regeneration was assessed using immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that hydrogen‐rich medium improved neurite regeneration and inhibited apoptosis in the injured cells. Scratch injury was accompanied by up‐regulation of miR‐21, p‐PI3K, p‐Akt and p‐GSK‐3β. A miR‐21 antagomir inhibited the expression of these four molecules, while a PI3K blocker only affected the three proteins and not miR‐21. Both the miR‐21 antagomir and PI3K blocker reversed the protective effect of hydrogen. In conclusion, hydrogen exerted a neuroprotective effect against neuronal apoptosis and impaired nerve regeneration through activation of miR‐21/PI3K/AKT/GSK‐3β signalling in this in vitro model of traumatic brain injury.

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Traumatic brain injury: sex, gender and intersecting vulnerabilities

Cited by 233 publications

References 136 publications

Early Brain Injury and Adaptive Functioning in Middle Childhood: The Mediating Role of Pragmatic Language

Early Brain Injury and Adaptive Functioning in Middle Childhood: The Mediating Role of Pragmatic Language

Evidence of Early Vasogenic Edema Following Minor Head Injury That Can Be Reduced With a Vasopressin V1a Receptor Antagonist

Hydrogen exerts neuroprotection by activation of the miR‐21/PI3K/AKT/GSK‐3β pathway in an in vitro model of traumatic brain injury

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