“…8,10,11,23,24 The reported mortality rate for chylothorax after an esophageal cancer operation may be as high as 50% with nonoperative management 6,7 because these patients are unable to tolerate a depletion of nutritional reserves because their conditions are often severely compromised even before operation. The surgical treatment was first proposed by Lampson 25 in 1948 and then supported by Goorwitch 26 in 1955, and now it has gained greater support, especially in the treatment of refractory chylothorax. The first aim of surgical therapy is to relieve respiratory embarrassment, draining the chyle from the pleural space, and to heal the fistula, but the correct timing for reoperation is not well defined.…”