Traumatic dental injuries among primary school children in Sulaimani city, Iraq

Abstract

A cross-sectional survey was carried out through clinical examination of anterior teeth among 4015, 6- to 13-year-old children enrolled in 20 public primary schools of Sulaimani city, northern Iraq. The prevalence and pattern of traumatized anterior teeth were studied in relation to age, gender, type of injury, dental treatment needs, place and cause of the trauma in addition to occlusal relation and upper lip position. The prevalence of children with traumatic dental injuries was found to be 6.1% (243 children) of the total sample. Age and gender were highly significantly associated with dental trauma (P < 0.001). Males were more affected than females and the prevalence increased with age. Simple enamel fracture was the most common type of injury followed by enamel-dentine fracture and concussion. The maxillary central incisors were found to be most affected by trauma followed by mandibular central incisors and the maxillary lateral incisors. The number of injured teeth per child was 1.38 (totally 336 anterior teeth were found with dental trauma) and single tooth trauma was the most common type (69.5%). Results showed that only 7% of the traumatized anterior teeth received treatment and about half (48.7%) of the remaining traumatized teeth did not need dental treatments, while the least treatment type needed was extraction (3.5%). The highest proportions of traumatized children were found with class II division 1 malocclusion and inadequate upper lip coverage. Falls and playing were the most common causes of dental injury, while home was the most common place of trauma occurrence. The present study revealed a relatively low prevalence of dental trauma, but still this figure represents a large number of children. Therefore, educational programs are to be initiated for the community regarding causes, prevention and treatments of traumatic dental injuries.

Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and role of incisal overjet and inadequate lip coverage as risk factors among 4-15 years old government school children in Baddi-Barotiwala Area, Himachal Pradesh, India

“…Dental injury of primary teeth has been found to be responsible of complicated problems to underlying permanent teeth such as hypoplasia, discoloration, and delay in eruption time and tooth malformation (11). Furthermore, treatment of TDIs in primary and permanent dentition tends to be neglected (12,13). The majority of the studies to permanent teeth in adolescents were conducted in Europe or the Americas.…”

Traumatic dental injuries among schoolchildren in Valencia, Spain

“…Facial trauma can endanger dental health and lead to aesthetic, psychological, social and therapeutic problems (2). Traumatic injuries in permanent teeth have been reported to have a prevalence rate between 6.1% to 58.6% (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Prevalence of dental trauma of permanent anterior teeth in children visiting College of Dentistry/Hawler Medical University

“…Boys are more prone to traumatic dental injuries. 11,12,13,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] This is may be due to the fact that males tend to participate in more strenuous activities with higher trauma risk, such as contact sports and more aggressive types of playing 11 . The highest occurrence of dental injury was found in the age interval of 9-10 years of age.…”

“…24 According to the results of this study, the incidence of two injured teeth is more frequent in boys than in girls, which is similar to those of some recent studies. 11,15,18,[23][24][25][26][27] A possible cause of boys higher proneness to traumatic dental injuries could be their involvement in more aggressive sports, as well as their more violent behavior. 14-16,17.19,22,23 In general, high percentage of traumatic dental injuries to the maxillary teeth can be explained by the prominence of these teeth.…”

“…A cross sectional survey was carried out through clinical examination of anterior teeth among 4015, 6 to 13 years old children enrolled in 20 public primary schools in Sulaimani city, northern Iraq. The prevalence of dental trauma was found to be 6.1% 11 . No studies are available in Erbil city to outline the prevalence of traumatized anterior permanent teeth among 7-12 years old children.…”