Traumatic dental injuries in special health care needs children and association with obesity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Special needs children are at a higher risk of dental trauma because of neurological, physical, mental, and behavioral impairments. They are also at higher risk of developing obesity due to the side effects of medication. OBJECTIVE: Assess the association between traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and obesity in children with special health care needs. DESIGN: Analytical cross-sectional study. SETTING: Schools for special needs children. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: Special needs children with a diagnosis of TDI according to the Andreasen criteria were included in the study. Data on the disability status were obtained from a national demographic survey in 2016. Demographic and dental variables were measured for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse any relationship between TDI prevalence and obesity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relationship of body mass index (BMI) to TDI prevalence. SAMPLE SIZE: 350 (131 boys and 219 girls) special needs children with a median (interquartile range) age of 12.0 (2.0) years. RESULTS: Eighty-one (23.1%) children presented with TDIs. The mean (standard deviation) BMI for the entire study population was 24.7 (7.8). Children with obesity had a 30.3% TDI prevalence compared normal-weight children (20.6%) ( P =.035), but BMI category was not statistically significant in the regression analysis ( P =.541), which showed that children with an overjet of >3 mm were 4.82 times (CI: 2.55–9.09, P =.001) more likely to have TDI than children with an overjet of ≤3 mm. Those with inadequate lip coverage were 2.85 times (CI: 1.49–5.44, P =.002) more likely to have TDI. Children with cerebral palsy were 3.18 times (CI: 1.89–11.32, P =.024) more likely to have TDI than children with other disabilities. CONCLUSION: The study showed a significant association between TDI prevalence and increased overjet, inadequate lip coverage, and cerebral palsy. The prevalence of TDI among obese special needs children was statistically significant according to bivariate analysis, but not in a multivariate analysis that adjusted for other variables. LIMITATIONS: Causal relationship cannot be established with cross-sectional study. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Oral Health Status, Oral Health Behaviors, and Oral Health Care Utilization among Persons with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia

“…Of these, 15 articles were excluded and are listed in Supplementary Table S1 , along with the reasons for their exclusion ( Supplementary Table S1 ). Therefore, 38 studies were included in this review [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. No additional studies were found upon hand searching or searching the gray literature.…”

“…Thirty-five studies were cross-sectional [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 ], one was a longitudinal study [ 45 ], and two were retrospective studies [ 28 , 49 ]. Twenty-two studies were conducted in or near Riyadh [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 ...…”

“…Twenty-two studies were conducted in or near Riyadh [ 10 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 46 , 49 , 51 ]. Populations with special needs in the following cities were also studied: Al-Hofuf [ 11 ], Makkah [ 25 ], Khobar [ 30 , 50 ], Dammam [ 12 , 30 , 34 ], Qatif [ 30 , 39 , 44 ], AlMadinah Munawwarah [ 31 ], the Abha/Albaha province [ 34 , 36 ], Jeddah [ 37 ], Taif [ 40 , 42 ], Al-Kharj [ 41 , 45 ], the Aseer region [ 43 ], Makkah [ 47 ], Al-Qassim [ 48 ], Dhahran [ 50 ], Anak [ 50 ], Dareen [ 50 ], UmulSahik [ 50 ], and Al-Nabia [ 50 ]. In 13 studies, the target population was selected from multiple institutions or schools [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 20 , ...…”

“…In 13 studies, the target population was selected from multiple institutions or schools [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 27 , 30 , 33 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 46 ], while in the remaining studies the sample population was either from a single institution or the exact number was not stated. The sample sizes of included studies ranged between 23 and 819 participants [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Overall, 942 participants with Down syndrome, 1070 with autism spectrum disorder, 564 with cerebral palsy, 466 with a visual impairment, 785 with a hearing and/or speech impairment, 656 with intellectual disabilities, 111 with learning disabilities, 30 with epilepsy, 221 that were medically compromised, and 128 with unclassified disabilities we...…”

“…Overall, 942 participants with Down syndrome, 1070 with autism spectrum disorder, 564 with cerebral palsy, 466 with a visual impairment, 785 with a hearing and/or speech impairment, 656 with intellectual disabilities, 111 with learning disabilities, 30 with epilepsy, 221 that were medically compromised, and 128 with unclassified disabilities were included. Therefore, in this systematic review, data from 4441 individuals with special needs were included [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. The ages of the included participants ranged between 3 and 60 years, with the majority of the studies focusing on children with special needs.…”