Traumatic Dental Injuries, Treatment, and Complications in Children and Adolescents: A Register-Based Study

Abstract

Objective Traumatic dental injury (TDI) is a common dental concern among children worldwide. We performed a retrospective patient register study among children under 18 years to investigate TDIs with respect to causes, treatment, and complications. Materials and Methods We collected information on TDIs from the original patient records of 407 child patients visiting dental clinic of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. We analyzed all child patients’ (n = 407) background, cause, type of TDI, treatment, complications, and time elapsed from injury to visit to the dentist. Statistical Analysis The χ 2-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests served in the statistical analyses. Results A total of 579 TDI cases occurred during 2010 to 2016. Lateral luxation (19.8%) and intrusion (14.8%) occurred more often in the primary than the permanent dentition (p < 0.05). The most common cause of TDI was falling (56%). Avulsion occurred in approximately 10% of cases. Follow-up (44.5%) and tooth extraction (48.3%) were the most frequent treatments in the primary and splinting (25.3%) in the permanent teeth. Pulp necrosis was the most frequent complication in primary (92%) and permanent (54%) dentition. About 1% of the patients obtained dental care during the first hour after injury. Conclusion The most frequent TDIs included lateral luxation in primary teeth and enamel-dentine fractures in permanent teeth. We observed a delay in patients obtaining emergency dental care.

Updated Guidelines for the Orthodontic Management of Traumatized and Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Review Study

“…In summary, it is not possible to say whether orthodontic movement of teeth with TDIs will increase the risk of vitality loss above that of uninjured teeth; however, all orthodontists must be aware of these risks and the possible need to undertake pulp vitality tests whenever necessary [5,3]. 1 1…”

“…Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are injuries that affect the teeth, periodontium, and surrounding soft tissues. They have a high prevalence, comprising 5% of all traumatic injuries in people seeking first aid and up to 17% of all bodily injuries among preschool children [ 1 ]. Children and teenagers, who comprise the majority of orthodontic candidates, are the population mostly affected by TDIs [ 2 ].…”

The Role of Information in Dental Traumatology in Patients during Developmental Age: A Cognitive Investigation

“…• At the anatomical level, the presence of an overjet > 3.00/3.5 mm, associated with dental and skeletal malocclusions and with situations of labial incompetence, leads to a greater exposure of the elements 1,5,6 ; • At the demographic level, the most affected subjects are children aged ⅔, due to lack of coordination in the early stages of walking, and 8/10 years old due to sports activities with a prevalence in males [1][2][3][4][5] ; • At the anthropometric level, the physical and nutritional state play an important role, as obese subjects are characterized by less agility in movements [7][8][9] ; • At an environmental level, places such as the house, where dangerous edges, stairs, school, especially in recreational moments, sports fields, gyms must be taken into consideration 1,5,6,8,9 ; • At the behavioral level, the presence of bad habits. 1,6,9 Traumatic injuries can be limited to the dental elements, respectively the periodontium and the alveolar bone, or involve all these structures at the same time.…”

“…At an environmental level, places such as the house, where dangerous edges, stairs, school, especially in recreational moments, sports fields, gyms must be taken into consideration 1 5 6 8 9 ;…”

“…At the anthropometric level, the physical and nutritional state play an important role, as obese subjects are characterized by less agility in movements 7 8 9 ;…”