Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress in Childhood

Copeland, William E.; Keeler, Gordon; Angold, Adrian; Costello, E. Jane

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.577

Cited by 1,235 publications

(896 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

807

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, the observed independent association between exposure to a single injury and the subsequent increased risk of receiving psychiatric diagnoses is particularly relevant given that the vast majority of injuries were relatively minor (MAXAIS of 1 or 2). In contrast to prior reports, this investigation did not find a significantly elevated risk of disruptive behavior disorder diagnoses for youths exposed to traumatic injury after analyses adjusted for demographic and preinjury clinical characteristics (1,30). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Also of note, traumatic injuries incurred before 2001 were independently associated with an increased risk of postinjury psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescription. Prior reports suggest that pre-event psychopathology and recurrent trauma among youths and their family members are associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD and related psychiatric disorders (1,21,22,30,55). These collective findings suggest that postinjury screening and intervention protocols in acute care and pediatric practice settings may need to target high-risk children and adolescents who have been exposed to multiple injury events or who have a history of psychiatric disturbances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One recent large-scale epidemiologic investigation found that beyond its association with PTSD, exposure to trauma is associated with the development of other anxiety, depressive, substance use, and disruptive behavior disorders among children and adolescents (1). Smaller-scale investigations in subgroups of injured youths have also suggested that the symptoms of other anxiety, depressive, substance-related, and behavioral disturbances can occur in the wake of traumatic physical injury (27–34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Association Between Traumatic Injury and Psychiatric Disorders and Medication Prescription to Youths Aged 10–19

Zatzick¹,

Grossman²

2011

Psychiatric Services

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Few clinical epidemiologic investigations have assessed whether youths exposed to a traumatic injury demonstrate elevations in the full spectrum of provider-recognized psychiatric disorders compared with unexposed, noninjured youths. Methods In a population-based prospective cohort study, data for children and adolescents aged ten to 19 who were enrolled in the Group Health Cooperative health plan were screened for injury visits in the index year of 2001 (N = 20,507). Psychiatric diagnoses, including anxiety and acute stress, depressive, substance use, and disruptive behavior disorders, given to these youths over the next three years (2002–2004) were documented, as were psychotropic medication prescriptions. Regression analyses assessed for an independent association between injury and psychiatric disorders and prescription of psychotropic medication. Results In adjusted regression analyses, injury in the index year was independently associated with significantly increased odds of receiving a diagnosis of anxiety or acute stress (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–1.44), depression (OR = 1.30, CI = 1.10–1.53), and a substance use disorder (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.21–2.00) and of receiving a psychotropic medication prescription (OR = 1.37, CI = 1.20–1.57). Youths with traumatic brain injuries also were significantly more likely to receive psychotropic medication prescriptions. Conclusions Traumatic injury was independently associated with an increased risk of receiving a full spectrum of anxiety, depressive, and substance use diagnoses among youths aged ten to 19. Population-based surveillance procedures that incorporate screening and stepped-care interventions targeting the spectrum of postinjury emotional disturbances have the potential to improve the quality of mental health care for youths treated in general medical settings.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association Between Traumatic Injury and Psychiatric Disorders and Medication Prescription to Youths Aged 10–19

Zatzick¹,

Grossman²

2011

Psychiatric Services

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Trauma exposure in childhood and adolescence is common (Copeland, Keeler, Angold, & Costello, 2007), with a substantial minority of trauma‐exposed youth going on to develop PTSD (Alisic et al., 2014). PTSD may be chronic in youth, potentially lasting years (Morgan, Scourfield, Williams, Jasper, & Lewis, 2003; Yule et al., 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute stress disorder and the transition to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Prevalence, course, prognosis, diagnostic suitability, and risk markers

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundEarly recovery from trauma exposure in youth is poorly understood. This prospective longitudinal study examined the early course of traumatic stress responses in recently trauma‐exposed youth, evaluated the revised DSM‐5 acute stress disorder (ASD) and PTSD diagnoses and alternative diagnoses, and identified risk factors for persistent traumatic stress.MethodParticipants were 8‐ to 17‐year‐old emergency departments attendees exposed to single incident traumas. Structured clinical interviews were undertaken at 2 (n = 226) and 9 weeks (n = 208) posttrauma.ResultsUsing the revised criteria in DSM‐5, 14.2% met criteria for ASD at week 2 and 9.6% met criteria for PTSD at week 9. These prevalences were similar to the corresponding DSM‐IV diagnoses (18.6% ASD at week 2; 8.7% PTSD at week 9). Using the same diagnostic criteria (DSM‐IV or DSM‐5) across assessments (i.e., “2‐week PTSD”) suggested that caseness declined in prevalence by approximately half. Overlap between DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 ASD and DSM‐5 preschool child PTSD diagnoses was considerable. Two diagnoses were strongly predictive of corresponding week 9 diagnoses. Youth with ASD who subsequently had PTSD reported more negative alterations in cognition and mood at 2 weeks than those youth who did not develop PTSD.ConclusionsYouth exposed to single‐event traumas experience considerable natural recovery in the first months posttrauma. Using DSM‐5 criteria, ASD may not capture all clinically significant traumatic stress in the acute phase and is only moderately sensitive for later PTSD. Future research needs to address the role and etiology of negative alterations in cognition and mood symptoms.

show abstract

“…PTSD is characterized by disabling symptoms from four clusters; reexperiencing (e.g., flashbacks and nightmares about the trauma; avoidance (e.g., efforts to not think about or talk about the trauma); negative cognitions and mood (e.g., a persistent and distorted sense of blame of self or others to an inability to remember key aspects of the event); and hyperarousal (e.g., anger outbursts and hypervigilance for threat; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition [DSM‐5]; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Traumatic events with the potential to lead to PTSD are experienced by up to two thirds of children by 16 years of age (Copeland, Keeler, Angold, & Costello, 2007), including in preschool and early school years, even when excluding abuse. However, the DSM‐5 was the first edition to include tailored criteria capturing the differential presentation of the disorder in very young children younger than 6 years old.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translating the Cognitive Model of PTSD to the Treatment of Very Young Children: A Single Case Study of an 8‐Year‐Old Motor Vehicle Accident Survivor

Goodall

Chadwick

McKinnon³

et al. 2017

J Clin Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a clinical condition that occurs after a discrete traumatic event, such as an accident or assault. Research into PTSD has primarily been adult‐focused; however, there is a growing body of evidence evaluating the theory and treatment of PTSD in young children. Consequently, cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) interventions for PTSD in youth have been developed that focus on 3 core components of the cognitive model–a disorganized memory of the trauma, maladaptive appraisals of the trauma and its effects (meanings), and dysfunctional coping mechanisms (management). Here, we describe the extension of this treatment approach (termed CBT‐3M) to very young children (3–8 years) through the case of Dylan, an 8‐year‐old motor vehicle accident survivor. This serves as an illustration of the underlying theory and its successful application. Further work is intended to provide evidence of the efficacy of this treatment via an ongoing treatment trial.

show abstract

Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress in Childhood

Cited by 1,235 publications

References 47 publications

Association Between Traumatic Injury and Psychiatric Disorders and Medication Prescription to Youths Aged 10–19

Association Between Traumatic Injury and Psychiatric Disorders and Medication Prescription to Youths Aged 10–19

Acute stress disorder and the transition to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Prevalence, course, prognosis, diagnostic suitability, and risk markers

Translating the Cognitive Model of PTSD to the Treatment of Very Young Children: A Single Case Study of an 8‐Year‐Old Motor Vehicle Accident Survivor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About