Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorders: differences between treatment-seeking early- and late-onset alcoholic patients

Dom, Geert; Wilde, Bieke De; Hulstijn, Wouter; Sabbe, Bernard

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.08.004

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The mediation analyses tested our conceptual hypothesis that traumatic events led to PTSD symptoms, which in turn led to higher levels of alcohol use. Longitudinal studies support this hypothesis (Beseler et al, 2011;Clark and Foy, 2000;Clark et al, 2010;Dom et al, 2007;Kaysen et al, 2007). However, it is also very likely that, in the context of heavy drinking, women increase their vulnerability to the opportunity for repeated traumas (Kilpatrick et al, 1997;McFarlane, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…It is possible that women with PTSD may use alcohol to avoid triggers and numb their symptoms, particularly given the lack of more appropriate treatment options in the community. This mechanism, often referred to as the "self-medication hypothesis," has been studied extensively in Western settings (Chilcoat and Breslau, 1998;Kaysen et al, 2007;Robinson et al, 2009), including among samples of problem drinkers (Dom et al, 2007;Reynolds et al, 2005). However, such a model had not been examined previously in a South African setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A limited number of studies in South Africa suggest a similar pattern (Gass et al, 2011;. In addition, research in the United States indicates that girls who experience childhood abuse have an earlier age at onset of both drinking behavior and subsequent alcohol use disorders (Clark et al, 2010;Dom et al, 2007), with the severity of the childhood abuse directly linked to the severity of alcohol use (Clark and Foy, 2000;Dom et al, 2007;Kaysen et al, 2007;Khoury et al, 2010;McFarlane, 1998). Types of traumatic experiences other than interpersonal violence, such as witnessing severe injury or being in a life-threatening accident, also have been associated with alcohol use (Beseler et al, 2011), although these experiences are rarely explored exclusive of interpersonal traumas (McFarlane, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between traumatic experiences and substance use, including alcohol use, has been well established in both the United States (Beseler et al, 2011;Clark and Foy, 2000;Kaysen et al, 2007;Khoury et al, 2010;McFarlane, 1998) and South Africa (Gass et al, 2011;. Experiencing trauma may lead to earlier onset of alcohol consumption, more frequent drinking, heavier drinking, and a greater likelihood of developing an alcohol use disorder (Beseler et al, 2011;Clark and Foy, 2000;Clark et al, 2010;Dom et al, 2007;Kaysen et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Traumatic Experiences and Drinking Behavior Among Women Attending Alcohol Serving Venues in a South African Township

Watt

Ranby

Meade

et al. 2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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ABSTRACT. Objective: South Africa has high rates of traumatic experiences and alcohol abuse or dependence, especially among women. Traumatic experiences often result in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and PTSD has been associated with hazardous drinking. This article examines the relationship between traumatic events and hazardous drinking among women who patronized alcohol-serving venues in South Africa and examines PTSD as a mediator of this relationship. Method: A total of 560 women were recruited from a Cape Town township. They completed a computerized assessment that included alcohol consumption, history of traumatic events, and PTSD symptoms. Mediation analysis examined whether PTSD symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of traumatic event categories experienced (range: 0-7) and drinking behavior. Results: The mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identifi cation Test score in the sample was 12.15 (range: 0-34, SD = 7.3), with 70.9% reaching criteria for hazardous drinking (AUDIT ≥ 8). The mean PTSD score was 36.32 (range: 17-85, SD = 16.3), with 20.9% meeting symptom criteria for PTSD (PTSD ChecklistCivilian Version ≥ 50). Endorsement of traumatic experiences was high, including adult emotional (51.8%), physical (49.6%), and sexual (26.3%) abuse; childhood physical (35.0%) and sexual (25.9%) abuse; and other types of trauma (83%). All categories of traumatic experiences, except the "other" category, were associated with hazardous drinking. PTSD symptoms mediated 46% of the relationship between the number of traumatic categories experienced and drinking behavior. Conclusions: Women reported high rates of hazardous drinking and high levels of PTSD symptoms, and most had some history of traumatic events. There was a strong relationship between traumatic exposure and drinking levels, which was largely mediated by PTSD symptoms. Substance use interventions should address histories of trauma in this population, where alcohol may be used in part to cope with past traumas. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 549-558, 2012)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Traumatic Experiences and Drinking Behavior Among Women Attending Alcohol Serving Venues in a South African Township

Watt

Ranby

Meade

et al. 2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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“…Os resultados apontaram que pacientes que desenvolveram o alcoolismo mais precocemente tiveram um número maior de experiências traumáticas severas durante a infância. Um número maior de mulheres teve diagnóstico para o TEPT durante a vida e, especificamente no caso das mulheres alcoolistas, a severidade das experiências na infância esteve associada à severidade do consumo de outras drogas e problemas relacionados (Dom et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Comorbidade entre transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e abuso e dependência de álcool e drogas: uma revisão da literatura

Dantas¹,

Andrade²

2008

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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Comorbidade entre transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e abuso e dependência de álcool e drogas: uma revisão da literatura Resumo Contexto: Pesquisas revelam uma alta comorbidade entre o transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) e o abuso e dependência de álcool e drogas (ADAD). Objetivos: Descrever a natureza da associação entre TEPT e ADAD, as diferenças entre os gêneros feminino e masculino, bem como os principais tratamentos utilizados. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica entre os anos de 1995 e 2007 no PubMed, utilizando os termos "trauma" AND "alcohol", "trauma" AND "substance abuse", "trauma" AND "dependence", "trauma" AND "drugs", "posttraumatic stress" AND "alcohol", posttraumatic stress" AND "substance abuse", "posttraumatic stress" AND "dependence", "posttraumatic stress" AND "drugs". Resultados: As seguintes hipóteses foram identificadas: 1) o abuso de substâncias aumenta os riscos para a ocorrência de TEPT em virtude de estilos de vida que expõem mais o sujeito à ocorrência de traumas e pelo fato de as drogas potencializarem as seqüelas do trauma; 2) o TEPT levaria ao aumento do uso de álcool e drogas acompanhado de possível abuso com o objetivo de aliviar sintomas decorrentes do transtorno. Conclusões: A identificação precoce da comorbidade entre o TEPT e o ADAD é fundamental para o bom prognóstico do paciente, bem como o atendimento adequado às vítimas de situações traumáticas para que sejam minimizadas as chances da ocorrência do TEPT. Dantas, H.S.; Andrade, A.G. / Rev. Psiq. Clín 35, supl 1; 55-60, 2008Palavras-chave: Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, abuso e dependência de álcool e drogas, comorbidade, gênero, tratamento. AbstractBackground: The literature reveals high comorbidity rates between post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse and dependence (SAD). Objectives: This paper seeks to describe the relationship between the two disorders; the gender differences; and the primary treatments used to reduce PTSD as well as SAD symptoms. Methods: A review of the literature between 1995 and 2007. A PubMed search was used to find articles with the key words: "trauma" AND "alcohol", "trauma" AND "substance abuse", "trauma" AND "dependence", "trauma" AND "drugs", "post traumatic stress" AND "alcohol", post traumatic stress" AND "substance abuse", "post traumatic stress" AND "dependence", "post traumatic stress" AND "drugs". Results: The following hypotheses were identified: 1) Substance abuse increases the risk of PTSD occurrence due to life styles that expose the individual to traumas and due to the fact that alcohol and drugs can increase the consequences of the traumatic event; 2) Alcohol and drugs are sometimes used by PTSD patients with the intent to relieve symptoms of their disorder, which in turn may lead to eventual abuse. Conclusions:The early identification of comorbidity between PTSD and SAD is essential for a good prognosis for the patient. It is also important to help minimize the chances of PDST in victims of the traumatic events.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorders and Addiction

Schäfer

Langeland²

2014

Co-Occurring Addictive and Psychiatric Disorders

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Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorders: differences between treatment-seeking early- and late-onset alcoholic patients

Cited by 45 publications

References 43 publications

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Traumatic Experiences and Drinking Behavior Among Women Attending Alcohol Serving Venues in a South African Township

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Traumatic Experiences and Drinking Behavior Among Women Attending Alcohol Serving Venues in a South African Township

Comorbidade entre transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e abuso e dependência de álcool e drogas: uma revisão da literatura

Posttraumatic Stress Disorders and Addiction

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