Traumatic experiences, ICD‐11 PTSD, ICD‐11 complex PTSD, and the overlap with ICD‐10 diagnoses

Møller, Lise; Augsburger, Mareike; Elklit, Ask; Søgaard, Ulf; Simonsen, Erik

doi:10.1111/acps.13161

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“… Discrepancies between N listed in this table and N listed in the description of participants are due to missing data. The second-order CFA of the psychiatric outpatient sample endorsing ICD-10 PTSD partially replicates an analysis of an existing study under review ( 2019 ). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In addition to the original 16-items on the LEC, individual items assessing traumatic childhood exposure were included (i.e. childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse and childhood neglect; (Moller, Augsburger, Elklit, Sogaard, & Simonsen, 2020 )). The mean of direct and witnessed exposures for ICD-10 PTSD patients was 8.24 (SD 4.64, n = 111), range 1–30.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies (Ho et al, 2020 ; Hyland et al, 2017 ; Karatzias et al, 2017 ; Murphy et al, 2020 ; Shevlin et al, 2018 ) have shown that the latent structure of the ITQ is best represented by two models: a) A correlated six-factor model distinguishing between clusters of symptoms and b) a two-factor second-order model where the correlations between symptom clusters are explained by two second-order factors reflecting PTSD and DSO. Results from previous studies suggest that the second-order model has a better fit in clinical and highly trauma-exposed samples in studies that have used the ITQ (Cloitre et al, 2018 ; Hyland et al, 2017 ; Karatzias et al, 2017 ; Møller et al, 2019 ; Vallières et al, 2018 ), and in studies using other measures for the PTSD and DSO constructs (Hyland et al, 2017 ; Nickerson et al, 2016 ; Tay, Rees, Chen, Kareth, & Silove, 2015 ), whereas the first-order model has displayed a better fit in general population and non-clinical samples studies using the ITQ (Ben-Ezra et al, 2018 ; Ho et al, 2020 ; Shevlin et al, 2017 ). However, research testing the latent structure of the ITQ in different clinical populations of trauma survivors are lacking but important to further explore the internal structure of the ITQ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of ICD-11 PTSD and DSO using the International Trauma Questionnaire in five clinical samples recruited in Denmark

Vang

Dokkedahl

Løkkegaard

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background:The 11 th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) revised the diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and introduced Complex PTSD as a sibling disorder to PTSD. As the Danish Health Authorities will implement the ICD-11 in 2022, it is more relevant than ever to introduce a measure that enables the identification of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD. Objective: The primary aim of the present study was to test the construct validity of the ICD-11 conceptualization of PTSD and DSO in five clinical samples using translated versions of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Method: Data from existing studies of adult survivors of sexual abuse (n = 385), women in shelters (n = 147), psychiatric outpatients endorsing an ICD-10 diagnosis of PTSD (n = 111), a heterogenous sample of psychiatric outpatients (n = 178) and refugees and torture survivors (n = 385) was used for the current study. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the internal structure of the ITQ, and regression models were conducted to test the convergent and discriminant validity of the factor solutions for each sample. Results: Findings supported the ICD-11 formulation of PTSD and disorders in selforganization (DSO) as a representation of the latent structure of the ITQ across five Danish clinical samples. Uniquely for women in shelters, however, the model displayed an unacceptable fit. A revised operationalization of re-experiencing proved a better fit when 'recurrent nightmares' was exchanged with symptoms of intense emotional reactions to reminders of the trauma for women in shelter as well as ICD-10 PTSD psychiatric outpatients. Conclusion:This study supports the use of a Danish translated version of the ITQ to assess symptoms of ICD-11 PTSD and DSO for the introduction of ICD-11 in 2022. Future research is needed to further explore the operationalization of re-experiencing across different trauma exposed populations. Validación del tept y DSO de la CIE-11 usando el cuestionario internacional de trauma en cinco muestras clínicas reclutadas en DinamarcaAntecedentes: La décimo primera versión de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-11) revisó el diagnóstico de Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (CIE-11) e introdujo el TEPT complejo como un diagnóstico hermano del TEPT. Como las autoridades de salud danesas implementarán la CIE-11 en el 2022, es más relevante que nunca introducir una medición que permita la identificación del TEPT y el TEPT complejo de acuerdo a la CIE-11. Objetivo: El principal objetivo del presente estudio fue probar la validez del constructo diagnóstico de la conceptualización del TEPT y de las Alteraciones en la Auto-Organización (DSO por sus siglas en inglés) en cinco muestras clínicas usando versiones traducidas del Cuestionario Internacional de Trauma (ITQ por sus siglas en inglés). Método: Se usaron para el presente estudio, datos de estudios ya existentes de sobrevivientes adultos de abuso sexual (n = 147), pacientes psiquiátricos ambulatorios con diagnóstico ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of ICD-11 PTSD and DSO using the International Trauma Questionnaire in five clinical samples recruited in Denmark

Vang

Dokkedahl

Løkkegaard

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…PTSD prevalence estimates worldwide among adults in the general population are 3.0–4.4% [ 90 , 162 ], with a wider range of 2–39% in primary care samples [ 58 ]. Prevalence estimates for cPTSD in adult non-clinical community populations based on the ICD-11 definition are 0.5–7.7% [ 6 , 20 , 74 , 76 , 78 , 113 ] and 36% among adults in mental health treatment [ 117 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comorbidity of cPTSD and BPD was reported for the DESNOS version of cPTSD in a Dutch inpatient psychiatric sample [ 180 ]: BPD was comorbid in 79% of cPTSD cases and cPTSD was comorbid in 40.5% of BPD cases. In a sample of Danish adults in outpatient psychiatric treatment [ 117 ] in which ICD-11 cPTSD was more prevalent (36%) than BPD (8%) or PTSD (8%), and cPTSD was comorbid in 44% of the BPD cases, while BPD was comorbid in only 10% of the cPTSD cases and 8% of the PTSD cases. Similarly, in an outpatient treatment-seeking sample of women with histories of childhood abuse, ICD-11 cPTSD was comorbid with approximately half of cases diagnosed with BPD, while BPD was comorbid with only approximately 8% of cases diagnosed with cPTSD [ 19 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder

Ford

Courtois²

2021

bord personal disord emot dysregul

113

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Background This article builds on a previous review (Ford and Courtois, Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 1:9, 2014) which concluded that complex posttraumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) could not be conceptualized as a sub-type of either PTSD or BPD. Recent research is reviewed that extends and clarifies the still nascent understanding of the relationship between cPTSD and BPD. Main body The circumscribed formulation of adult cPTSD that has been developed, validated, and included in the 11th Edition of the International Classification of Diseases has spurred research aimed at differentiating cPTSD and BPD both descriptively and empirically. A newly validated Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) syndrome for children and adolescents provides a basis for systematic research on the developmental course and origins of adult cPTSD and BPD. This review summarizes recent empirical findings regarding BPD, PTSD, and cPTSD in terms of: (1) prevalence and comorbidity; (2) clinical phenomenology; (3) traumatic antecedents; (4) psychobiology; (5) emotion dysregulation; (6) dissociation; and (7) empirically supported approaches to clinical assessment and psychotherapeutic treatment. Conclusion The evidence suggests that PTSD, cPTSD, and BPD are potentially comorbid but distinct syndromes. A hypothesis is advanced to stimulate scientific research and clinical innovation defining and differentiating the disorders, positing that they may represent a continuum paralleling the classic conceptualization of the stress response, with dissociation potentially involved in each disorder.

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Parental Posttraumatic Stress and School Performance in Refugee Children

Berg

Brendler-Lindquist²,

Montgomery

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Refugee children in the Nordic countries have been reported to perform poorly in school and carry a high burden of familial posttraumatic stress. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal and paternal posttraumatic stress on the school performance of refugee children. We used national register data on school grades at age 15-16 along with demographic and migration indicators during 2011-2017 in a population of 18,831 children in refugee families in Stockholm County, Sweden. Parental posttraumatic stress was identified in regional data from three levels of care, including a tertiary treatment center for victims of torture and war. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were fitted to analyze (a) mean grade point averages as Z scores and (b) eligibility for upper secondary school. In fully adjusted models, children exposed to paternal posttraumatic stress had a lower mean grade point average, SD = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.07], and higher odds of not being eligible for upper secondary education, OR = 1.37, 95% CI [1.14, 1.65]. Maternal posttraumatic stress had a similar crude effect on school performance, SD = −0.15, 95% CI [−0.22, −0.07], OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.00, 1.55], which was attenuated after adjusting for single-parent households and the use of child psychiatric services. The effects were similar for boys and girls as well as for different levels of care. Parental posttraumatic stress had a small negative effect on school performance in refugee children, adding to the intergenerational consequences of psychological trauma.The number of refugees worldwide has grown gradually during the last decade, reaching almost 80,000,000 globally by the end of 2019, half of whom are children (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2019). In the European Union, approximately 800,000 children applied for asylum between 2015 and 2017, with Sweden emerging as one of the countries with the highest numbers per capita (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018). Education plays a key role for childrenThe authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

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Traumatic experiences, ICD‐11 PTSD, ICD‐11 complex PTSD, and the overlap with ICD‐10 diagnoses

Cited by 44 publications

References 51 publications

Validation of ICD-11 PTSD and DSO using the International Trauma Questionnaire in five clinical samples recruited in Denmark

Validation of ICD-11 PTSD and DSO using the International Trauma Questionnaire in five clinical samples recruited in Denmark

Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder

Parental Posttraumatic Stress and School Performance in Refugee Children

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