Traumatic Injuries of the Inferior Vena Cava

Intra-abdominal Inferior Vena Cava Injuries: Operative Strategies and Outcomes

“…4 Fifteen years later, Graham et al reported their experience with 301 IVC injuries over a 30-year period with a mortality of 37%, similar to that of prior studies. 5 In this series, vascular repairs were performed in 77% of the patients, while 8.3% underwent intravascular either shunting or balloon occlusion of the vessel. 5 The group attributed improved mortality over the last 6 years of their study to quicker interventions and improved resuscitation strategies.…”

Control of Inferior Vena Cava Injury Using Percutaneous Balloon Catheter Occlusion

“…[2][3][4] Many surgeons have advocated observation in patients with stable, nonpulsatile retroperitoneal hematoma, especially those with retrohepatic IVC injuries, unless there is high suspicion of associated injuries to other viscera or vessels. 2,7,8 In the event of an enlarging hematoma, active hemorrhage or hemodynamic instability, surgical exploration and definitive repair is warranted. The most important step in approaching IVC injuries is prompt control of bleeding either with manual compression, vascular clamping, or balloon occlusion catheters.…”

8.4 Penetrating injuries of the abdominal inferior vena cava

“…Its frequency is estimated to be as high as 10% for gunshot wounds and 3% for stab wounds (10). The mortality of those patients reaching the hospital alive is between 30% and 53% (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). The survival rate has increased because of improvements in resuscitation and increased experience in the management of these patients.…”