“…The developing brain may have a particularly unique inflammatory response after TBI, given the normal role that microglia play in brain development and homeostasis, their location in white matter tracts in early development, and the relative pro-inflammatory phenotype of microglia in the young brain (Pierre et al, 2017, Bhalala, Koehler andKannan., 2015). There is relatively strong evidence for neuroinflammation after pediatric TBI in both animal and human studies (Cederberg and Siesjo., 2010, Merkel et al, 2017, Moretti et al, 2016, Zhang et al, 2018, Hanlon, Raghupathi and Huh., 2017, Schober et al, 2016, Newell et al, 2015, including a series of studies from Pittsburgh delineating the profile of inflammatory markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants and children after TBI (Newell et al, 2015, Buttram et al, 2007, Walko et al, 2014, Wallisch et al, 2017.…”