Traumatic joint luxations in cats: Reduce, repair, replace, remove

Meeson, Richard; Strickland, Rhiannon

doi:10.1177/1098612x20979508

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…1,4,5 The tarsocrural joint of the cat is a complex joint, with significant natural laxity. 1,[6][7][8] The complexity can make identification of specific ligament injuries challenging. It has been suggested that a definitive diagnosis may only be achieved at surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress radiographic assessment of collateral ligament constraints on the feline tarsocrural joint

Martin¹,

Foo²,

Hosgood

et al. 2022

Aust Veterinary J

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Introduction This cadaveric study describes the collateral ligament constraints on the feline tarsocrural joint using stress radiography. Methods Thirty‐six feline cadaveric hindlimbs free of orthopaedic disease were placed in a custom‐made jig and controlled stress radiography was performed before and after transection of one, or both collateral ligaments. Changes in varus and valgus deviation and pronation and supination were measured at three limb angles (extension, 120o flexion and 90o flexion). Results There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of varus deviation after transection of the fibulocalcaneal ligament at all limb positions (extension: 41%, 120°: 78%, 90°: 63%). There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of varus deviation after transection of the fibulotalar ligament at extension (14%). There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of varus deviation after transection of both fibulocalcaneal and fibulotalar ligaments at all limb positions (extension: 58%, 120°: 67%, 90°: 67%), and in the mean angle of valgus deviation (100%) and supination (89%) at 90 degrees flexion. There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of valgus deviation after transection of the tibiocentral ligament at all limb positions (extension: mean 79%, 120°: 43%, 90°: 49%) and the mean angle of pronation at 120 degrees flexion (10%). There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of varus deviation after transection of the tibiotalar ligament at extension (11%) and at 90 degrees flexion (54%) and in the mean angle of pronation at all limb positions (extension: 11%, 120°: 19%, 90°: 32%). There was a significant positive percentage change in the mean angle of valgus deviation (extension: 255%, 120°: 172%, 90°: 176%) and pronation (extension: 58%, 120°: 134%, 90°: 76%) after transection of the tibiocentral and tibiotalar ligaments at all limb positions and in the mean angle of varus deviation at extension (13%) and 90 degrees flexion (69%). Conclusion The medial collateral ligaments prevent against excessive valgus deviation and pronation, and the lateral collateral ligaments prevent against excessive varus deviation and supination. At 90 degrees flexion subluxation of the talus occurs on the ipsilateral side of the ligament injury resulting in an additional direction of instability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tarsocrural joint of the cat is a complex joint, with significant natural laxity 1,6–8 . The complexity can make identification of specific ligament injuries challenging.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress radiographic assessment of collateral ligament constraints on the feline tarsocrural joint

Martin¹,

Foo²,

Hosgood

et al. 2022

Aust Veterinary J

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“…In all cases, the LT is torn along with the tearing of a portion of the joint capsule ( Tomlinson, 2014 ). The reduction and stabilization of hip dislocation have been treated in these cases by using closed or open techniques ( Harasen, 2005 ; Moores, 2006 ; Tomlinson, 2014 ; DeCamp et al, 2016 ; Meeson & Strickland, 2021 ). Intra-articular or extra-articular surgical techniques and surgical procedures that alter the periarticular musculature and supporting structures have been described ( Harasen, 2005 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intra-articular or extra-articular surgical techniques and surgical procedures that alter the periarticular musculature and supporting structures have been described ( Harasen, 2005 ). The toggle-rod stabilization is one of the intra-articular techniques that replace the LT with a suture (monofilament nylon or braided multifilament) and associated anchor ( Harasen, 2005 ; Moores, 2006 ; Pratesi, Grierson & Moores, 2012 ; Kieves et al, 2014 ; Meeson & Strickland, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits

Abibe

Rahal

Mesquita

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Ligamentum teres (LT) has traditionally been considered a vestigial or redundant structure in humans; however, based on new studies and the evolution of hip arthroscopy, the LT injury has been viewed as a source of hip pain. Therefore, LT reconstruction can be beneficial in some cases. Rabbits have been frequently used as a model for cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction but few studies are available for ligamentum teres reconstruction. Objective To evaluate the semitendinosus tendon to replace ligamentum teres with the toggle technique, using rabbits as an experimental model. Methods Twenty-six female Norfolk rabbits with approximately 3 months of age were divided into two equal groups after excision of ligamentum teres (LT) from the right hip joint: G1—no reconstruction of LT and capsulorrhaphy; G2—double—bundle reconstruction of the LT using semitendinosus tendon autograft. In both groups, the LT was removed from the right hip joint. In G2 the autograft was harvested from the left hind limb of the same rabbit. The rabbits were evaluated clinically at different time intervals; before surgery (M1), 48 h (M2), 15 days (M3), 30 days (M4) and 90 days (M5) after surgery. Results The rabbits supported their limbs on the ground in both the groups. As complications of the procedure, four hip joints showed subluxations in the radiographic evaluation of G1; three at M4 and one at M5. In G2; two luxations of hip joints at M3 and one subluxation at M4 were seen. On ultrasound, irregular articular surface was seen in 30.8% of the rabbits that had subluxation of hip joints. Gross evaluation identified tendon graft integrity in 76.92% of the rabbits. Histological analysis revealed graft adhesion to the bone in the early phase comprised of sharpey-like collagen fibers. Conclusion The double-bundle reconstruction of the LT using autologous semitendinosus tendon associated with the toggle rod shows an early phase of tendon graft ligamentization at 90 days post-operatively in young rabbits, but biomechanical bias suffered by the tendon during gait must be considered.

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“…The variety of techniques and materials suggests that no single method is superior to others [10]. In cats, trans-articular pinning, toggle pin fi xation, femoral head and neck ostectomy and extra-articular stabilization have been proposed [4,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Coxofemoral Luxation in Cats Treated with Hip-Toggle Stabilization Using the Mini Tightrope® Fixation System

et al. 2022

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The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 21 cats that underwent coxofemoral toggle stabilization using the Mini TightRope® Fixation System (mTR®). Data were compiled from client-owned cats with traumatic hip luxation. Each cat underwent the same protocol including orthopedic assessment, preoperative radiographic evaluation, surgical procedure, postoperative management and clinical re-examination at 14 days, 8 weeks and 12 months following surgery. Age, body weight, implants and osteoarthritis progression were recorded. A lameness score 0-4 was assigned to each cat. Pain upon hip extension was not quantified but as pain reaction or no pain reaction. Major complications and osteoarthritic (OA) changes were recorded. Osteoarthritic changes were classified on a 0-4 scale. Twenty-one cats were included in the study. Coxofemoral luxations were stabilized using a mTR®. At 8 weeks, weight bearing was considered normal (grade 0) in all cats and no pain reaction was elicited during hip extension. One year after surgery, orthopedic examination was within the normal limits and according to the owners, all animals exhibited a normal physical activity. No complications were recorded. Evidence of slight OA changes were observed in 5 out of 21 cats. The final outcome was considered excellent in 16/21 patients and good in 5/21 cats. The application of the mTR® system can be considered a suitable surgical treatment in cats affected by traumatic hip luxation.

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Traumatic joint luxations in cats: Reduce, repair, replace, remove

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Stress radiographic assessment of collateral ligament constraints on the feline tarsocrural joint

Stress radiographic assessment of collateral ligament constraints on the feline tarsocrural joint

Ligamentum teres reconstruction using autogenous semitendinosus tendon with toggle technique in rabbits

Traumatic Coxofemoral Luxation in Cats Treated with Hip-Toggle Stabilization Using the Mini Tightrope® Fixation System

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