Travel and tick-borne diseases: Lyme disease and beyond

Parola, Philippe; Paddock, Christopher D.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.09.010

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…On the other hand, the mentioned literature has stated that ATBF is a frequent rickettsial acute undifferentiated febrile illness in travelers, and our results confirm this, as we found more than 90% of all reported cases occurred in travelers [67,[74][75][76]. European travelers represented more than the 80% of all imported infections, with France the country where most cases have been diagnosed, and South Africa the country where most R. africae infections were acquired.…”

Section: Demographic and Epidemiological Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of Rickettsia africae infection, African tick-bite fever: A systematic review

Silva-Ramos

Faccini-Martínez

2021

Infez Med

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African tick-bite fever (ATBF), caused by Rickettsia africae, is the main tick-borne rickettsiosis and the second most frequent cause of fever after malaria in travelers returning from sub-Saharan Africa. General descriptions on ATBF were made in the first two decades after recognized as a new infectious entity, and since then, many authors have contributed to the knowledge of the disease by reporting clinical cases in scientific literature. We developed a systematic review that evaluated all available evidence in the literature regarding clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of confirmed R. africae rickettsiosis cases. We followed the recommendations made by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guide. A total of 48 scientific publications (108 confirmed cases) were analyzed in order to extract data for developing this review. Overall, our results show that R. africae rickettsiosis is more frequent in males in the age group of 18-64 years, more than 80% of the SUMMARY cases occurred in European travelers, South Africa was the country where most infections were acquired, and almost 40% of cases occurred in clusters. Clinically, more than 80% of the cases had fever and eschar (55% developed multiple eschars), rash was present in less than the half of cases, and lymphangitis was not a common sign (11%). Headache, myalgia and regional lymphadenopathy were predominant nonspecific clinical manifestation (mean of 60%, 49% and 51%, respectively). Our results show that at least 70% of R. africae cases had altered laboratory parameters, most often showing an increase in transaminases and C-reactive protein. Tetracycline-class antibiotics, as monotherapy, were used in most (>90%) of the patients. Overall, only 4% of cases had complications, 12% required hospitalization, and there was a 100% rate of clinical recovery.

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Section: Demographic and Epidemiological Datasupporting

confidence: 88%

Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of Rickettsia africae infection, African tick-bite fever: A systematic review

Silva-Ramos

Faccini-Martínez

2021

Infez Med

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“…Most notably, model accuracy was substantially greater for endemic regions (Northeast and Midwest), compared to low incidence (non‐endemic) regions (Pacific, Pacific Southwest, Southwest, and Southeast; Ciesielski et al, 1988). The relatively poor predictive accuracy in non‐endemic regions could be due to higher misdiagnosis rates and/or higher travel‐associated Lyme disease transmission (Eldin & Parola, 2018; Parola & Paddock, 2018) decoupling the relationship between local conditions and disease. However, evidence suggests that most Lyme disease transmission occurs in the peri‐domestic environment, in which the county of transmission and reporting are likely to be the same (Connally et al, 2009; Falco & Fish, 1988; Jackson et al, 2006; Maupin et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prior and projected climate change on US Lyme disease incidence

Couper

MacDonald

Mordecai

2020

Global Change Biology

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Lyme disease is the most common vector‐borne disease in temperate zones and a growing public health threat in the United States (US). The life cycles of the tick vectors and spirochete pathogen are highly sensitive to climate, but determining the impact of climate change on Lyme disease burden has been challenging due to the complex ecology of the disease and the presence of multiple, interacting drivers of transmission. Here we incorporated 18 years of annual, county‐level Lyme disease case data in a panel data statistical model to investigate prior effects of climate variation on disease incidence while controlling for other putative drivers. We then used these climate–disease relationships to project Lyme disease cases using CMIP5 global climate models and two potential climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We find that interannual variation in Lyme disease incidence is associated with climate variation in all US regions encompassing the range of the primary vector species. In all regions, the climate predictors explained less of the variation in Lyme disease incidence than unobserved county‐level heterogeneity, but the strongest climate–disease association detected was between warming annual temperatures and increasing incidence in the Northeast. Lyme disease projections indicate that cases in the Northeast will increase significantly by 2050 (23,619 ± 21,607 additional cases), but only under RCP8.5, and with large uncertainty around this projected increase. Significant case changes are not projected for any other region under either climate scenario. The results demonstrate a regionally variable and nuanced relationship between climate change and Lyme disease, indicating possible nonlinear responses of vector ticks and transmission dynamics to projected climate change. Moreover, our results highlight the need for improved preparedness and public health interventions in endemic regions to minimize the impact of further climate change‐induced increases in Lyme disease burden.

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“…All tick species have preferred/optimal biomes and environmental conditions that, in part, determine their geographic distribution and consequently the areas of risk for humans (31). Microhabitat features, such as soil characteristics, are critical for tick survival and the successful establishment of new tick populations (32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Impact Of Other Environmental Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of tick-borne diseases with climate and environmental changes

Bouchard

Dibernardo

Koffi

et al. 2019

CCDR

212

134

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Climate warming and other environmental changes have contributed to the expansion of the range of several tick species into higher latitudes in North America. As temperatures increase in Canada, the environment becomes more suitable for ticks and the season suitable for tick activity lengthens, so tick-borne diseases are likely to become more common in Canada. In addition to Lyme disease, four other tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have started to emerge and are likely to increase: Anaplasmosis; Babesiosis; Powassan virus; and Borrelia miyamotoi disease. Increased temperature increases the survival and activity period of ticks, increases the range of both reservoir and tick hosts (e.g. mice and deer) and increases the duration of the season when people may be exposed to ticks. Other ticks and TBDs may spread into Canada as the climate changes. The public health strategies to mitigate the impact of all TBDs include surveillance to detect current and emerging TBDs, and public health actions to prevent infections by modifying environmental and social-behavioral risk factors through increasing public awareness. Clinical care strategies include patient education, early detection, laboratory testing, and treatment. Affiliations

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Travel and tick-borne diseases: Lyme disease and beyond

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of Rickettsia africae infection, African tick-bite fever: A systematic review

Clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory features of Rickettsia africae infection, African tick-bite fever: A systematic review

Impact of prior and projected climate change on US Lyme disease incidence

Increased risk of tick-borne diseases with climate and environmental changes

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