Travel times to health care and survival from cancers in Northern England

Geographical Location and Stage of Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

“…6 Other studies on cancer survival from cancer in various countries have noted that geographical location is strongly associated with survival and that could also reflect stage at diagnosis and the kind of treatment patients are likely to receive. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In contrast, some studies have reported that no significant difference exists between breast cancer stage at diagnosis and place of residence or travel time/ distance travel to the nearest mammography facility. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The aim of this review was to examine systematically the literature on the effect of geographical location variation on breast cancer stage at diagnosis, race/ ethnicity, and socioeconomic status rather than rural-urban differences in mammography use or risk factors for breast cancer development.…”

Residential Racial Composition, Spatial Access to Care, and Breast Cancer Mortality among Women in Georgia

“…22,28 In another study, risk of death was associated with an increased travel time to a general practitioner for prostate cancer but not for breast cancer. 30 However, findings have been inconclusive. Other studies have found that people who had a greater distance from their residence to mammography facility were diagnosed at a more advanced cancer stage.…”

“…15,22 Predominately Black/AfricanAmerican neighborhoods tend to have poorer spatial access to health care services, [23][24][25][26][27] and increased distance and travel time to healthcare providers may be associated with less cancer treatment uptake and poorer cancer outcomes. [28][29][30][31] Here, we advance this line of inquiry by exploring the relationships between residential racial composition (RRC) and disparities in breast cancer survival in 15 metropolitan areas in Georgia. As depicted in our conceptual model (see Figure 1), we also investigate whether spatial access to cancer care mediates this relationship and whether individual race moderates it.…”

Cancer of Unknown Primary: a Cancer Registry Study of Factors Affecting Access to Diagnosis

“…This period was chosen so that the findings were comparable with our previous work looking at different stages of the treatment/diagnosis pathway, described earlier [9][10][11][12][13][14]. NYCRIS supplied anonymous records of patients registered with the following ICD 10 classifications: C77 (Secondary and unspecified malignant neoplasm of lymph nodes), C78 (Secondary malignant neoplasm of respiratory and digestive organs), C79 (Secondary malignant neoplasm of other sites), and C80 (Malignant neoplasm without specification of site).…”

“…We found that survival from cancers of the prostate was adversely associated with travel time to the patient's GP, as was the likelihood of presenting at late stage for breast or colorectal cancer [9]. Access to the centralised services of radiotherapy and thoracic surgery was shown to be reduced with increasing travel time, as was some chemotherapy [10] and the type of surgery used to treat breast cancer was influenced by access to radiotherapy [11]. These analyses adjusted for deprivation of the area of residence but more detailed analyses for lung cancer showed that the issues of access were minimal for the least deprived localities and greatest for the most deprived [12].…”