Traveling ionospheric disturbances triggered by the 2009 North Korean underground nuclear explosion

Zhang, X.; Tang, Long

doi:10.5194/angeo-33-137-2015

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Direct energy input from the solar wind and magnetosphere, such as coupling via precipitation of energetic particles and ultralow frequency geomagnetic pulsations, generate irregularities on a broad range of time and spatial scales (Pilipenko et al, ; Vorontsova et al, ; Watson, Jayachandran, & MacDougall, ). Atmospheric gravity waves from sources such as tropospheric turbulence, auroral disturbances, the solar terminator, solar eclipses, and natural and man‐made hazards (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, thunderstorms, and nuclear tests) generate traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) on a daily basis (Behnke, ; Hunsucker, ; Komjathy et al, ; Zhang & Tang, ). This coupling can occur through vertical plasma motion driven by the motion of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) or by electric fields generated by GWs, and also by horizontal gradients in air motion that produce enhancements/depletions in the ionospheric plasma (MacDougall et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology and Characteristics of Medium‐Scale F Region Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Observed by COSMIC Radio Occultation Receivers

Watson

Pedatella

2018

JGR Space Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Medium-scale ionospheric ionization structures are a persistent global feature of the Earth's ionosphere. Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation measurements are well suited to address the incomplete global observational picture of plasma density irregularities, including the global climatology in both bottomside and topside F region layers, and their structure in the vertical dimension. A climatological database of F region ionospheric irregularities and their characteristics has been developed through detection of total electron content perturbations by Global Positioning System receivers onboard COSMIC satellites. This paper presents global occurrence rates and detailed characteristics of equatorial to midlatitude medium-scale irregularities under quiet geomagnetic conditions. The study covers 4 years, two during solar minimum (2008)(2009) and two during the ascending phase of solar cycle 24 (2012)(2013). Irregularities were found to occur frequently at high latitudes and during nighttime in equatorial to midlatitude regions in both bottom and topside F region layers. Longitudinal-seasonal occurrence trends at equatorial and midlatitudes are consistent with previous irregularity climatology, which reaffirms that localized enhancements in plasma instability growth rates contribute to irregularity occurrence. Seasonal occurrence patterns also indicate a high occurrence of irregularities in regions corresponding to the solar terminator, confined primarily to altitudes below~300 km. The local time-altitude distributions of equatorial and midlatitude irregularity occurrence, amplitude, and scale size provide further insight into irregularity generation mechanisms, and include features consistent with "spread F" irregularities and traveling ionospheric disturbances.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology and Characteristics of Medium‐Scale F Region Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Observed by COSMIC Radio Occultation Receivers

Watson

Pedatella

2018

JGR Space Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unlike earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions, explosions are manmade events, and the source characteristics are fully known in most cases. The ionospheric disturbances due to explosions have been identified with ionosondes (e.g., Beynon & Jones, ; Dieminger & Kohl , ; Gardiner , ; Hines, ), Doppler sounders (Jacobson et al, ; Blanc & Jacobson, ; Blanc & Rickel, ; Krasnov & Drobzheva, ), and GPS‐bases TEC measurements (Calais et al, ; Fitzgerald & Carlos , ; Park et al, , ; Yang et al, ; Zhang & Tang, ). Both atmospheric acoustic and gravity wave signatures have been observed (Huang et al, ).…”

Section: Summary Of Major Observational Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Atmospheric Responses to Surface Disturbances: An Observational Perspective

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review observations on the coupling between Earth's surface disturbances and the upper atmosphere. In particular, we focus on the upper atmospheric responses to atmospheric acousticgravity waves generated during impulsive surface disturbance events including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. We review the theoretical background for the generation and propagation of atmospheric acoustic-gravity waves from surface disturbance events as well as of the ionospheric plasma response to such acoustic-gravity waves. We review a variety of observational techniques that have been successfully utilized to detect upper atmospheric perturbations induced by surface disturbances and summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on the coupling processes learnt from these observations. Finally, we touch on some most recent advances in the field and propose directions for future research.Plain Language Summary Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and chemical and nuclear explosions on or under the ground create sudden and violent motions of the ground or ocean surface. While ground shakings during some massive earthquakes can be felt by people who live thousands of kilometers away from the epicenters, the shakings can also be detected from the atmosphere hundreds of kilometers above the ground (upper atmosphere). Similarly, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and explosions can have footprints in the upper atmosphere as well. These footprints have been successfully detected by a variety of observational techniques. This paper reviews the observational results and the current understanding of the physical mechanisms behind the coupling between the ground/ocean and the upper atmosphere. In addition, future research directions are proposed in order to address the open questions.

show abstract

“…The amplitude of a wave with period T is multiplied by 4sin 4 (πτ/T) after the difference process, where τ represents the difference step [30]. The amplitude ratio factor can serve as a band-pass filter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Observation of Thunderstorm-Induced Ionospheric Gravity Waves above Low-Latitude Areas in the Northern Hemisphere

Tang

Chen

et al. 2019

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gravity waves (GWs) generated in the lower atmosphere can propagate upwards to ionospheric height. In this study, we investigated the correlation between ionospheric GWs detected by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-derived total electron content data and thunderstorm events recorded by a local lightning-detection network in the low-latitude region of Southern China during a four-year period, from 2014 to 2017. Ionospheric GWs were detected on both thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm days. Daytime ionospheric GW activity on high-thunderstorm days showed a similar convex-function-like diurnal variation to thunderstorm activity, which is different to the concave-function-like pattern on non-thunderstorm days. Daytime ionospheric GW activity on low-thunderstorm days showed an approximately linear rising trend and was of a larger magnitude than that of high-thunderstorm days, suggesting it may be mixed by non-thunderstorm origins. Night-time enhancement of ionospheric GW activity was observed on thunderstorm days but not on non-thunderstorm days. Furthermore, ionospheric GW activity on thunderstorm days showed a positive correlation to solar activity. These findings can effectively distinguish thunderstorm-related ionospheric GWs from those of non-thunderstorm origins and provide more comprehensive knowledge of thunderstorm-ionosphere coupling in low-latitude areas.

show abstract

Traveling ionospheric disturbances triggered by the 2009 North Korean underground nuclear explosion

Cited by 22 publications

References 26 publications

Climatology and Characteristics of Medium‐Scale F Region Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Observed by COSMIC Radio Occultation Receivers

Climatology and Characteristics of Medium‐Scale F Region Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Observed by COSMIC Radio Occultation Receivers

Upper Atmospheric Responses to Surface Disturbances: An Observational Perspective

Statistical Observation of Thunderstorm-Induced Ionospheric Gravity Waves above Low-Latitude Areas in the Northern Hemisphere

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About