Travelling ethics: Valuing harmony, habitat and heritage while consuming people and places

Abstract

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Where is the community in geoparks? A systematic literature review and call for attention to the societal embedding of geoparks

“…The almost universally accepted characteristics of heritage are not applied to geopark contexts, despite the growing overlap between natural and cultural heritage valuation and conservation in practice (Taylor & Lennon, ). These characteristics include that heritage relates to contemporary needs and experiences of people rather than to static objects or to objects of the past (Ashworth et al., ; Tunbridge & Ashworth, ), that heritage visions are historically embedded and change over time (Harvey, ; Kolen & Renes, ), and that heritage interpretation is context‐dependent (Bi et al., ; Crang, ). By positioning geoheritage firmly in the realm of the geosciences, geoheritage is predominantly discussed in the geopark literature with what Lowenthal () calls “purist” preferences that are largely rejected in cultural heritage interpretations because “heritage is everywhere mixed” (p. 88).…”

“…It is used as a synonym for areas or sites of high geo(morpho)logical interest. These characteristics include that heritage relates to contemporary needs and experiences of people rather than to static objects or to objects of the past (Ashworth et al, 2007;Tunbridge & Ashworth, 1996), that heritage visions are historically embedded and change over time (Harvey, 2001;Kolen & Renes, 2015), and that heritage interpretation is context-dependent (Bi et al, 2016;Crang, 2015). The almost universally accepted characteristics of heritage are not applied to geopark contexts, despite the growing overlap between natural and cultural heritage valuation and conservation in practice (Taylor & Lennon, 2011).…”

Multifunctional agriculture: Policies and implementation in China

“…A good example of farm‐based tourism is the growth of family‐run farm‐based hotels (termed ‘farmhouse joy’), food from local farms, with farmhouse restaurants and cafes, farm shops selling farm produce and vernacular products direct to consumers, and provision of on‐farm activities, including pick‐your‐own fruit and vegetables (Wu, 2016). Farmhouse joy ‘emerged as guesthouses selling nostalgic rustic or ethnic minority foods and back to basics dining in suburbs of big cities … and then broadened into taking lodgings in farm guesthouses run by peasant families’ (Crang, 2015, p. 197). This has ‘boomed’ in recent years ‘not only as a new style of holiday making among the Chinese urban middle class but also as a new form of private enterprise among millions of Chinese peasants’ (Park, 2008, p. 520).…”

Transforming the Peri-Urban Fringe in China: The Example of Xi’an-Xianyang

“…. ) and then broadened into taking lodgings in farm guesthouses run by peasant families" [53] (p. 197). It has 'boomed' in recent years "not only as a new style of holiday making among the Chinese urban middle-class, but also as a new form of private enterprise among millions of Chinese peasants" [54] (p. 520).…”