Traversing the V-Cycle with a Single Simulation - Application to the Renault 1.5 dCi Passenger Car Diesel Engine

Cosadia, I.; Silvestri, John; Papadimitriou, Iakovos; Maroteaux, Damien; Obernesser, Philippe

doi:10.4271/2013-01-1120

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Front-loading powertrain hardware testing tasks in a virtualized environment has become a commonly used technique that enables seamless system testing [6][7][8]. The ability to pre-test the interactions between the various components of a powertrain system is of fundamental importance.…”

Section: Motivation For Hil-based Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Emission Prediction with Detailed Chemistry under Transient Conditions for Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations

Picerno

Lee

Pasternak³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The increasing requirements to further reduce pollutant emissions, particularly with regard to the upcoming Euro 7 (EU7) legislation, cause further technical and economic challenges for the development of internal combustion engines. All the emission reduction technologies lead to an increasing complexity not only of the hardware, but also of the control functions to be deployed in engine control units (ECUs). Virtualization has become a necessity in the development process in order to be able to handle the increasing complexity. The virtual development and calibration of ECUs using hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) systems with accurate engine models is an effective method to achieve cost and quality targets. In particular, the selection of the best-practice engine model to fulfil accuracy and time targets is essential to success. In this context, this paper presents a physically- and chemically-based stochastic reactor model (SRM) with tabulated chemistry for the prediction of engine raw emissions for real-time (RT) applications. First, an efficient approach for a time-optimal parametrization of the models in steady-state conditions is developed. The co-simulation of both engine model domains is then established via a functional mock-up interface (FMI) and deployed to a simulation platform. Finally, the proposed RT platform demonstrates its prediction and extrapolation capabilities in transient driving scenarios. A comparative evaluation with engine test dynamometer and vehicle measurement data from worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) and real driving emissions (RDE) tests depicts the accuracy of the platform in terms of fuel consumption (within 4% deviation in the WLTC cycle) as well as NOx and soot emissions (both within 20%).

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Section: Motivation For Hil-based Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Emission Prediction with Detailed Chemistry under Transient Conditions for Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations

Picerno

Lee

Pasternak³

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…Modeling and simulation may be a viable solution to reduce the costs partially. Indeed, big manufacturers have been developing modeling and simulation expertise for the last two or three decades, enhancing their usage of the v-cycle principles [17]. But SMEs frequently adopt the role of system integrators; they often lack extensive expertise in modeling and simulation and tend to rely on basic control methods, which can be manually adjusted by competent operators for each of the sold machinery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrofitting Battery Electric Machinery with Unchanged Hydraulic System and Enhanced Control Strategies

Ferrari,

Beltrami,

Uberti

2024

Actuators

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The push for environmental sustainability has accelerated the acceptance of electric vehicles, as well as the exploration of electrified Non-Road Mobile Machinery. This study emphasizes the challenges of electrifying off-highway machinery, which include the many machinery layouts and the presence of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises in the market. Recognizing the barriers faced by these companies, this paper shows how modeling and simulation can be effective tools for system integration and control optimization, even when lacking extensive expertise in the topic. However, it emphasizes the need for user-friendly modeling tools and methods adaptable to the operational needs of Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises. This study presents a case study of a retrofitted battery-electric hydraulic material handler. The machinery is simulated using Simscape, and the accuracy of the model is confirmed through experimental validation. By simulating a rational duty cycle, this study proposes two solutions for performance enhancement while maintaining the integrity of the hydraulic system. These solutions offer a balanced compromise between energy consumption and productivity and a novel control algorithm to minimize energy consumption. Most importantly, the two proposed solutions can be easily switched by the operator, which can decide to favor productivity over energy saving based on driving needs.

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“…Classification of engine modelling approach with reference to different development phases in V-model. 14,17 The air path volume is discretised along the pipe length, with a discretisation length of approximately half of the cylinder bore diameter. Using an explicit flow solver, the solver time step is restricted to below 1°CA 18 by the relatively small discrete spatial grid according to the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition 19 .…”

Section: Engine Model Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The real-time capability has been verified on a dSPACE DS1006 simulator. Using the same crank-angle resolved modelling approach, Cosadia et al 14 have derived a simplified model from a detailed 1D simulation. The simulation results from the simplified model are consistent with the base detailed model in a driving cycle, with imposed boundary conditions from vehicle measurement, including engine speed and injected fuel mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 2 Classification of engine modelling approach with reference to different development phases in V-model 14,17 Moving from the detailed engine cycle simulation to a driving cycle simulation for virtual system integration and testing, a higher simulation speed becomes essential for the combustion engine model. To fulfil the run-time requirement, a detailed 1D engine model can be turned into a reduced 1D or 0D model.…”

Section: Engine Model Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Road-to-rig-to-desktop: Virtual development using real-time engine modelling and powertrain co-simulation

Andert

Xia

Klein

et al. 2018

International Journal of Engine Research

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By front-loading of the conventional vehicle testing to engine test bench or even further forward to offline simulations, it is possible to assess a large variation of powertrain design parameters and testing manoeuvres in the early development stages. This entails a substantial cost reduction compared to physical vehicle testing and hence an optimisation of the modern powertrain development process. This approach is often referred to as road-to-rig-to-desktop. To demonstrate the potential of this road-to-rig-to-desktop methodology as a seamless development process, a crank angle–resolved real-time engine model for a turbocharged gasoline engine was built with the simulation tool GT-POWER®. The model was validated with measurement data from an engine test bench and integrated into a vehicle co-simulation, which also includes a dual clutch transmission, the chassis, the environment and the automated driver. The most relevant functions of the engine and the transmission control systems were implemented in a Simulink-based software control unit. To verify the engine model in the transient vehicle simulation, two 900-s time windows from a 2-h real driving emission test, representing urban and motorway conditions, are simulated using the developed co-simulation platform. The simulation results are compared with the respective vehicle measurement data. The fuel consumption deviation caused by the combustion engine model is within 5%. The transient system behaviour and the dominant engine operation points could be predicted with a satisfying accuracy.

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Traversing the V-Cycle with a Single Simulation - Application to the Renault 1.5 dCi Passenger Car Diesel Engine

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Real-Time Emission Prediction with Detailed Chemistry under Transient Conditions for Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations

Real-Time Emission Prediction with Detailed Chemistry under Transient Conditions for Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulations

Retrofitting Battery Electric Machinery with Unchanged Hydraulic System and Enhanced Control Strategies

Road-to-rig-to-desktop: Virtual development using real-time engine modelling and powertrain co-simulation

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