“…It may be argued that exposure to forced exercise is a stressful event, however, as previously noted (see Greenwood et al 2013), stress per definition does not have to hinder the positive effects of exercise and may, under certain circumstances, even promote posttraumatic cognitive recovery (Gram et al 2015, Malá et al 2008. Several studies report a positive impact of post-injury exercise on spatial acquisition paradigms (Cechetti et al 2012, Griesbach et al 2004b, Kim et al 2010, Piao et al 2013, Shen et al 2013, Shih et al 2013, Sim et al 2004. There are also studies reporting detrimental or no effects of exercise on spatial acquisition measures (Clark et al 2008, Griesbach et al 2004a, Hicks et al 1998, Luo et al 2007, Piao et al 2013, Song et al 2012.…”