Treadmill exercise promotes interleukin 15 expression in skeletal muscle and interleukin 15 receptor alpha expression in adipose tissue of high-fat diet rats

Yang, Huajun; Chang, Jiao; Chen, Wen-Jia; Zhao, Lei; Qu, Bo; Tang, Chaoshu; Qi, Yongfen; Zhang, Jing

doi:10.1007/s12020-012-9809-6

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, muscle IL15 was increased in mice after an 8week training session of treadmill running (26 m/min for 60 min, 5 days per week), 138 and in human muscle as a result of 12 weeks of endurance training (ergometer cycling five times per week, including interval train ing twice a week). 139 IL15 is an anabolic factor, highly expressed by skeletal muscle cells, 140 which induces an increase in the accumulation of the protein myosin heavy chain in differentiated muscle cells 141 and stimulates myogenic differentiation independent of IGFs.…”

Section: Il-15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation

2014

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Persistent systemic inflammation, a typical feature of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, is associated with a high cardiovascular risk and predisposes to metabolic disorders and muscle wasting. These disorders can lead to disability and decreased physical activity, exacerbating inflammation and the development of a network of chronic diseases, thus establishing a 'vicious cycle' of chronic inflammation. During the past two decades, advances in research have shed light on the role of exercise as a therapy for rheumatic diseases. One of the most important of these advances is the discovery that skeletal muscle communicates with other organs by secreting proteins called myokines. Some myokines are thought to induce anti-inflammatory responses with each bout of exercise and mediate long-term exercise-induced improvements in cardiovascular risk factors, having an indirect anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, contrary to fears that physical activity might aggravate inflammatory pathways, exercise is now believed to be a potential treatment for patients with rheumatic diseases. In this Review, we discuss how exercise disrupts the vicious cycle of chronic inflammation directly, after each bout of exercise, and indirectly, by improving comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. We also discuss the mechanisms by which some myokines have anti-inflammatory functions in inflammatory rheumatic diseases.

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Section: Il-15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation

2014

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“…These effects are thought to occur mainly at a peripheral level affecting muscle and adipose tissue [60]. Additionally, surges in skeletal muscle IL-15 following resistance training are believed to influence body composition [61,62]. Postexercise, IL-15 is thought to act as an 'anabolic factor' exhibiting an inherent ability to effect muscle-adipose tissue interplay.…”

Section: Metabolic and Immunological Effects Of Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise, fitness, and the gut

Cronin

Molloy²,

Shanahan³

2016

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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“…Together with caloric restriction, exercise is a mainstay of a healthy life style and contributes to the control of metabolic efficiency. In addition to converting energy into movement, exercise increases the rates of lipolysis and fat oxidation, promotes heat dissipation (49,53), and causes long-term changes in the expression of numerous genes, including IL-15R␣/IL-15 (55).…”

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confidence: 99%

IL-15Rα is a determinant of muscle fuel utilization, and its loss protects against obesity

Loro

Seifert

Moffat

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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is the widely expressed primary binding partner for IL-15. Because of the wide distribution in nonlymphoid tissues like skeletal muscle, adipose, or liver, IL-15/IL-15R␣ take part in physiological and metabolic processes not directly related to immunity. In fast muscle, lack of IL-15R␣ promotes an oxidative switch, with increased mitochondrial biogenesis and fatigue resistance. These effects are predicted to reproduce some of the benefits of exercise and, therefore, improve energy homeostasis. However, the direct effects of IL-15R␣ on metabolism and obesity are currently unknown. We report that mice lacking IL-15R␣ (IL-15R␣ Ϫ/Ϫ ) are resistant to diet-induced obesity (DIO). High-fat diet-fed IL-15R␣ Ϫ/Ϫ mice have less body and liver fat accumulation than controls. The leaner phenotype is associated with increased energy expenditure and enhanced fatty acid oxidation by muscle mitochondria. Despite being protected against DIO, IL-15R␣ Ϫ/Ϫ are hyperglycemic and insulin-resistant. These findings identify novel roles for IL-15R␣ in metabolism and obesity.interleukin-15 receptor alpha; diet-induced obesity; muscle; fatty acid oxidation; fatigue recovery; glucose homeostasis ACCUMULATION OF EXCESSIVE body fat is a physiological consequence of unnecessary caloric intake. With greater worldwide food production, often the caloric intake largely exceeds the physiological energy requirements, and as a result, the obesity pandemic is growing at alarming rates in both developed and developing countries (21,47). Apart from the role of environmental factors, particularly an energy-dense diet and sedentary lifestyle, obesity also has important genetic determinants that have been conserved across species. Identifying the molecular mechanisms regulating metabolic efficiency (the capacity to convert energy intake into storable energy forms) is of great interest because of the low success in using caloric restriction as a means to manage obesity. Indeed, a number of pathways have been recently identified that reduce the extent of dietinduced obesity (DIO) by decreasing metabolic efficiency rather than energy input (8,10,11,43,56,59,60). Targeting these pathways with pharmacological approaches may also have the advantage of reproducing some of the benefits normally associated with physical exercise. Together with caloric restriction, exercise is a mainstay of a healthy life style and contributes to the control of metabolic efficiency. In addition to converting energy into movement, exercise increases the rates of lipolysis and fat oxidation, promotes heat dissipation (49, 53), and causes long-term changes in the expression of numerous genes, including IL-15R␣/IL-15 (55).IL-15 and its primary binding partner IL-15R␣ have emerged as important regulators of cell functions in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Their transcripts are detectable in a variety of tissues, including skeletal muscle, liver, or adipose (http://biogps.org/#gotoϭwelcome). Some of the proposed noncanonical roles of IL-15/IL-15R␣ signaling are mediating anabolic...

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Treadmill exercise promotes interleukin 15 expression in skeletal muscle and interleukin 15 receptor alpha expression in adipose tissue of high-fat diet rats

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation

Exercise as an anti-inflammatory therapy for rheumatic diseases—myokine regulation

Exercise, fitness, and the gut

IL-15Rα is a determinant of muscle fuel utilization, and its loss protects against obesity

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