Treadmill interventions in children under six years of age at risk of neuromotor delay

Valentín-Gudiol, Marta; Mattern-Baxter, Katrin; Girabent-Farrés, Montserrat; Bagur-Calafat, Caritat; Hadders‐Algra, Mijna; Angulo-Barroso, Rosa

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009242.pub3

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…This adjunctive approach to EE and task-specific training is supported by evidence that such combination therapies augment recovery of fine-motor skills that normally do not benefit from EE alone, in both models of focal ischemia (Biernaskie and Corbett, 2001 ) and intracerebral hemorrhage (MacLellan et al, 2011b ; Caliaperumal and Colbourne, 2014 ). Additional combinations of EE with various pharmacological agents has also yielded promising synergistic results; however, this work is still in its infancy (Corbett et al, 2014 ; Mering and Jolkkonen, 2015 ; Malá and Rasmussen, 2017 ). Our previous work has demonstrated that the combination of EE, task-specific reaching and growth factor administration accelerates the rate of recovery of fine motor dexterity (Jeffers et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Benefits Of Environmental Enrichment On Functional Recovery mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Environmental Enrichment Ready for Clinical Application in Human Post-stroke Rehabilitation?

McDonald

Hayward

Rosbergen

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

114

104

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Environmental enrichment (EE) has been widely used as a means to enhance brain plasticity mechanisms (e.g., increased dendritic branching, synaptogenesis, etc.) and improve behavioral function in both normal and brain-damaged animals. In spite of the demonstrated efficacy of EE for enhancing brain plasticity, it has largely remained a laboratory phenomenon with little translation to the clinical setting. Impediments to the implementation of enrichment as an intervention for human stroke rehabilitation and a lack of clinical translation can be attributed to a number of factors not limited to: (i) concerns that EE is actually the “normal state” for animals, whereas standard housing is a form of impoverishment; (ii) difficulty in standardizing EE conditions across clinical sites; (iii) the exact mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of enrichment are largely correlative in nature; (iv) a lack of knowledge concerning what aspects of enrichment (e.g., exercise, socialization, cognitive stimulation) represent the critical or active ingredients for enhancing brain plasticity; and (v) the required “dose” of enrichment is unknown, since most laboratory studies employ continuous periods of enrichment, a condition that most clinicians view as impractical. In this review article, we summarize preclinical stroke recovery studies that have successfully utilized EE to promote functional recovery and highlight the potential underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, we discuss how EE is being applied in a clinical setting and address differences in preclinical and clinical EE work to date. It is argued that the best way forward is through the careful alignment of preclinical and clinical rehabilitation research. A combination of both approaches will allow research to fully address gaps in knowledge and facilitate the implementation of EE to the clinical setting.

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Section: Benefits Of Environmental Enrichment On Functional Recovery mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Environmental Enrichment Ready for Clinical Application in Human Post-stroke Rehabilitation?

McDonald

Hayward

Rosbergen

et al. 2018

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

114

104

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“…[16][17][18] Further, a recent update of the Cochrane review concluded that treadmill training interventions in children with CP under 6 years of age may accelerate motor skill attainment. 19 While evidence points towards beneficial effects of gait training, because of the lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials, until now there has been insufficient evidence to recommend its use in a clinical setting. Previous systematic reviews were limited by their focused scope in the definition of gait training and often reported only limited gait outcomes, as such not incorporating all the benefits that gait training in children and young adults with CP could bring.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous systematic reviews have focused on the use of partial body weight support treadmill training (PBWSTT), ultimately concluding that it is a safe and feasible treatment option for children with CP and with positive evidence reported . Further, a recent update of the Cochrane review concluded that treadmill training interventions in children with CP under 6 years of age may accelerate motor skill attainment . While evidence points towards beneficial effects of gait training, because of the lack of high‐quality randomized controlled trials, until now there has been insufficient evidence to recommend its use in a clinical setting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of functional gait training in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Booth

Buizer

Meyns

et al. 2018

Develop Med Child Neuro

139

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Functional gait training is a safe, feasible, and effective intervention to improve walking ability. Functional gait training shows larger positive effects on walking speed than standard physical therapy. Walking endurance and gait-related gross motor function can also benefit from functional gait training. Addition of virtual reality and biofeedback shows promise to increase engagement and improve outcomes.

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“…Some asymmetries are normal for human movement, however some can be impacted for various reasons. For parents and pediatricians as well as physiotherapists, the wide spectrum of factors influencing child development should be known for proper movement analysis [ 1 ]. Persistent asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) is one of the factors that can impact child development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noticing the wide range of child developmental fields impacted by primitive reflexes (PRs), the authors investigated if the walking pattern is also regulated by and dependent on the degree of PR activity. Because gait is a complex motion, which involves the whole body, dependence on the reflex reaction through muscle tension may influence gait parameters [ 1 , 3 , 9 , 10 ]. Thus, the aim of the study was to find if there is an ATNR impact on the symmetry parameters of the gait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic Symmetry Is Influenced by Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex during Young Children’s Gait

Gieysztor

Pecuch

Kowal

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Gait is one of the examined functions in child development. It should be economical and symmetrical. One test increasingly used by physiotherapists and pediatricians is asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR). Physiologically, it is observed from in utero up to six postnatal months. This reaction is inhibited with the growing maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). In some children, when the natural process of development is incorrect, ATNR manifests later in life, when it is observed as an automatic response of muscle tension to head rotation. Analysis of pelvis symmetry in the gait of children with active ATNR is important for better understanding their specific movements. In the gait of children with persistent ATNR, some variations are observed. The aim of the study was to investigate the gait symmetry of preschool children and the influence of persistent ATNR. Fifty preschool children with a trace form of ATNR were examined. The distribution of the gait parameters was determined using a BTS G-SENSOR measurement instrument. ATNR negatively influences pelvic obliquity and pelvic rotation (p < 0.01). Younger children have a statistically higher symmetry index of pelvis obliquity in the examined group (p = 0.015). Boys obtain a higher result of symmetry in pelvic tilt than girls in the group (p = 0.027). ATNR affects walking symmetry in preschool children, thus evaluation of the reflex activity and then proper therapy is required to support proper development.

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Treadmill interventions in children under six years of age at risk of neuromotor delay

Abstract: Angulo-Barroso, R. (2017). Treadmill interventions in children under six years of age at risk of neuromotor delay. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online), (7), [CD009242].

Cited by 28 publications

References 149 publications

Is Environmental Enrichment Ready for Clinical Application in Human Post-stroke Rehabilitation?

Is Environmental Enrichment Ready for Clinical Application in Human Post-stroke Rehabilitation?

The efficacy of functional gait training in children and young adults with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Pelvic Symmetry Is Influenced by Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex during Young Children’s Gait

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