Treadmill training induced lumbar motoneuron dendritic plasticity and behavior recovery in adult rats after a thoracic contusive spinal cord injury

Wang, Hongxing; Liu, Nai-Kui; Zhang, Yi Ping; Deng, Ling-Xiao; Lu, Qing; Shields, Christopher B.; Walker, Melissa J.; Li, Jianan; Xu, Xiao–Ming

doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.004

Cited by 69 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Instead, during the first week postinjury, microglia and macrophages are a mixture of so‐called M1 and M2 phenotypes. Over the second week postinjury, M2 cells decline and the M1 phenotype predominates (Gensel & Zhang, ; Kigerl et al, ; Wang et al, ). This is relevant to oligodendrogenesis as both phenotypes promote OPC proliferation but only the M2 phenotype has been shown to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination in vitro (Miron et al, ).…”

Section: Robust Opc Proliferation and Oligodendrogenesis Continue In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin status and oligodendrocyte lineage cells over time after spinal cord injury: What do we know and what still needs to be unwrapped?

Pukos

Goodus

Sahinkaya

et al. 2019

Glia

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects over 17,000 individuals in the United States per year, resulting in sudden motor, sensory and autonomic impairments below the level of injury. These deficits may be due at least in part to the loss of oligodendrocytes and demyelination of spared axons as it leads to slowed or blocked conduction through the lesion site. It has long been accepted that progenitor cells form new oligodendrocytes after SCI, resulting in the acute formation of new myelin on demyelinated axons. However, the chronicity of demyelination and the functional significance of remyelination remain contentious. Here we review work examining demyelination and remyelination after SCI as well as the current understanding of oligodendrocyte lineage cell responses to spinal trauma, including the surprisingly long‐lasting response of NG2+ oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to proliferate and differentiate into new myelinating oligodendrocytes for months after SCI. OPCs are highly sensitive to microenvironmental changes, and therefore respond to the ever‐changing post‐SCI milieu, including influx of blood, monocytes and neutrophils; activation of microglia and macrophages; changes in cytokines, chemokines and growth factors such as ciliary neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor‐2; glutamate excitotoxicity; and axon degeneration and sprouting. We discuss how these changes relate to spontaneous oligodendrogenesis and remyelination, the evidence for and against demyelination being an important clinical problem and if remyelination contributes to motor recovery.

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Section: Robust Opc Proliferation and Oligodendrogenesis Continue In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelin status and oligodendrocyte lineage cells over time after spinal cord injury: What do we know and what still needs to be unwrapped?

Pukos

Goodus

Sahinkaya

et al. 2019

Glia

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“…Such training also improved the neurological cortical reorganization corresponding to the lower limbs, despite the interruption of afferent input from these limbs [16]. Active exercise can also increase the complexity dendrites in the dentate gyrus and the density of dendritic spines in rats [3], although the functional significance of these changes is not really clear. Similar studies have demonstrated that treadmill training can promote axonal growth [19, 20] and lesion proximal collateral sprouting and increase synaptic establishment [21].…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise Training On Cerebral Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have even shown that, after thoracic SCI in rats, exercise training can increase the axonal length of the soleus and tibialis anterior motor neurons, within the lumbar spinal cord. Research using synaptophysin immunohistochemistry has shown that treadmill training can significantly increase the formation of the lumbar spinal synapses [3]. Similarly, stepping training after transection of new born rat spinal cord can cause significant pathway changes and increase motor neuron synapse activation by stimulating primary afferent fibers or white matter tracts [29].…”

Section: Effect On Neuronal Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In USA, about 250,000 people suffer from varying degrees of SCI each year, with an annual rate of up to 28–50/million. Currently, there is a lack of effective clinical therapy to restore nerve function after SCI [2, 3]. Instead, exercise has become the most important quantifiable means for functional recovery [4, 5], and its mechanism has been studied by both clinical doctors and basic researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise Training Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Wang

Deng

et al. 2016

Neural Plasticity

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The exercise training is an effective therapy for spinal cord injury which has been applied to clinic. Traditionally, the exercise training has been considered to improve spinal cord function only through enhancement, compensation, and replacement of the remaining function of nerve and muscle. Recently, accumulating evidences indicated that exercise training can improve the function in different levels from end-effector organ such as skeletal muscle to cerebral cortex through reshaping skeletal muscle structure and muscle fiber type, regulating physiological and metabolic function of motor neurons in the spinal cord and remodeling function of the cerebral cortex. We compiled published data collected in different animal models and clinical studies into a succinct review of the current state of knowledge.

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“…Atividade física realizada na esteira após contusão da medula espinhal (ME) tem sido cada vez mais utilizada como estratégia terapêutica por potencializar a melhora dos comportamentos sensoriais e motores, como demonstrado em estudos tanto em humanos (Behrman e Harkema, 2000;Dobkin et al, 2003;Hutchinson et al, 2004;Giangregorio et al, 2005;Dietz, 2009), como em modelos experimentais (Ahn et al, 2006;Bigbee et al, 2007;Barriere et al, 2008;Miranda, 2011;Ichiyama et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: De Acordo Com O National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Centerunclassified

Análise da reorganização cortical sensório-motora induzida pela atividade física em modelo experimental de lesão medular

Miranda¹

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Treadmill training induced lumbar motoneuron dendritic plasticity and behavior recovery in adult rats after a thoracic contusive spinal cord injury

Cited by 69 publications

References 70 publications

Myelin status and oligodendrocyte lineage cells over time after spinal cord injury: What do we know and what still needs to be unwrapped?

Myelin status and oligodendrocyte lineage cells over time after spinal cord injury: What do we know and what still needs to be unwrapped?

Exercise Training Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Análise da reorganização cortical sensório-motora induzida pela atividade física em modelo experimental de lesão medular

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