Treadmill walking in water induces greater respiratory muscle fatigue than treadmill walking on land in healthy young men

Yamashina, Yoshihiro; Yokoyama, Hisayo; Naghavi, Nadia; Hirasawa, Yoshikazu; Takeda, Ryuji; Ota, Akinobu; Imai, Daiki; Miyagawa, Toshiaki; Okazaki, Kazunobu

doi:10.1007/s12576-015-0423-2

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…PEmax also increased after 6-week program. Previous studies have reported that the abdominal muscular tonus is crucial for stabilizing the trunk to maintain a standing posture while walking in water (Kaneda et al, 2009), and expiratory muscle fatigue was induced by underwater walking more than by land walking (Yamashina et al, 2016b). These reports show that load is added to the abdominal muscle groups when walking in water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, aquatic exercise, such as swimming or walking in water, is ideal for health promotion, which can incorporate resistance training when considering water viscosity during aerobic exercise. In fact, we reported that greater inspiratory and expiratory muscle fatigue was induced by walking in water than walking on land at the same exercise intensity in healthy young men (Yamashina et al, 2016b). In addition, we demonstrated that 6 weeks of walking on land and in water at 60% of the predicted maximum heart rate enhances respiratory muscle strength (Yamashina et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of respiratory muscle strength in individuals performing continuous and noncontinuous walking exercises in water after the 6-week program

et al. 2019

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This study aimed to compare respiratory muscle strength in individuals performing continuous and noncontinuous walking exercises in water after the 6-week program. Twenty-nine healthy men were randomly divided into a continuous group (CG, n= 14) and a noncontinuous group (NG, n= 15). Firstly, both groups executed the 6-week program which set them to walk for 30 min, 4 times per week, over 6 weeks in a pool with the adjusted intensity that their walking speed increased the heart rate to 60% of the predicted maximum. After the 6-week program, participants in the CG continued the water-walking program for 4 weeks while those in the NG discontinued the water-walking program. In both groups, respiratory muscle strength evaluated by maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximum expiratory pressure (PEmax) increased significantly after the 6-week program compared with pre-exercise value. Compared to the value after the 6-week program, PEmax increased significantly in the CG after 10 weeks (P< 0.05), but the PImax showed no significant change. Compared to the value after the 6-week program, after 10 weeks, in the NG, PEmax decreased significantly, with a considerable decrease after 9 and 10 weeks compared to the CG (P< 0.05). The PImax in the NG significantly decreased after 10 weeks from the value observed after the 6-week program. We demonstrated that 6 weeks of walking in water at 60% of the predicted maximum heart rate enhances PImax and PEmax, and that PImax and PEmax decrease in 4 weeks without a water-walking program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of respiratory muscle strength in individuals performing continuous and noncontinuous walking exercises in water after the 6-week program

et al. 2019

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“…Yamashina et al performed 30 minutes of water‐based and land‐based exercise at 60% VO 2peak and measured the respiratory function and muscle strength before and after exercise. Significant decreases in FEV 1 and inspiratory and expiratory muscle pressures were observed after exercise in water conditions compared with land conditions (Yamashina et al, 2016 ). In this study, FVC showed significant decreases after WC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, our findings suggest that underwater exercise at moderate intensity may increase the number and speed of respiratory muscle contractions compared with land‐based exercise. Moreover, Yamashina et al conducted an acute intervention experiment with 40 minutes of aquatic walking (60% VO 2 peak) and reported a significantly greater decrease in the maximal inspiratory muscle pressure at post‐exercise when compared with the land‐based walking condition (Yamashina et al, 2016 ). It has also been demonstrated that an underwater breathing exercise program improves respiratory muscle and spirometry values in older adults and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Felcar et al, 2018 ; Ide et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Underwater exercise may cause greater fatigue of the respiratory muscle than dryland exercise. Yamashina et al reported that respiratory muscle strength decreased immediately after both water‐ and land‐based exercise performed at 60% peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ) and further that the magnitude of decrease was greater after water‐based exercise than the land‐based exercise (Yamashina et al, 2016 ). These observations suggest that low‐intensity underwater exercise may elicit respiratory muscle adaptations comparable to high‐intensity land‐based exercise because of increased work of breathing associated with submersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respiratory function and breathing response to water‐ and land‐based cycling at the matched oxygen uptake

Hoshi

Fukuie

Hashitomi

et al. 2022

Physiological Reports

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The impact of underwater exercise on respiratory function remains unclear when its metabolic rate is matched with exercise performed on land. Therefore, we compared the breathing responses and respiratory function during and after water (WC)-and land (LC)-based cycling performed at the matched oxygen uptake (VO 2 ). Twelve healthy men performed 15 min of incremental WC and LC on separate days. During WC, participants cycled continuously at 30, 45, and 60 rpm (stages 1, 2, and 3) for 5 min each. During LC, participants cycled at 60 rpm for 15 min while wattage was increased every 5 min and adjusted to match VO 2 to the WC condition. Breathing patterns during cycling and spirometry data before and after cycling were collected. VO 2 during WC and LC was similar. Respiratory rate (WC: 27 ± 3 vs. LC: 23 ± 4 bpm, p = 0.012) and inspiratory flow (WC: 1233 ± 173 vs. LC: 1133 ± 200 ml/s, p = 0.035) were higher and inspiratory time (WC: 1.0 ± 0.1 vs. LC: 1.2 ± 0.2 s, p = 0.025) was shorter at stage 3 during WC than LC. After WC, forced vital capacity (p = 0.010) significantly decreased while no change was observed after LC. These results suggest that at similar metabolic rates during WC and LC, breathing is slightly shallower during WC which may have chronic effects on respiratory muscle function after multiple bouts of aquatic cycling.Underwater exercise may be beneficial for respiratory muscle rehabilitation when performed on a chronic basis.

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Acute effects of walking in water on vascular endothelial function and heart rate variability in healthy young men

Hashimoto

Okamoto

2018

Clinical and Experimental Hypertension

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Treadmill walking in water induces greater respiratory muscle fatigue than treadmill walking on land in healthy young men

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Comparison of respiratory muscle strength in individuals performing continuous and noncontinuous walking exercises in water after the 6-week program

Comparison of respiratory muscle strength in individuals performing continuous and noncontinuous walking exercises in water after the 6-week program

Respiratory function and breathing response to water‐ and land‐based cycling at the matched oxygen uptake

Acute effects of walking in water on vascular endothelial function and heart rate variability in healthy young men

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