Treatability Study for Biologically Active Zone Enhancement (BAZE) for In Situ RDX Degradation in Groundwater

Wani, Altaf H.; O'Neal, Brenda; Davis, Jeffrey L.; Hansen, Lance

doi:10.21236/ada408128

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This estimate of minimum-time-to-steady state was based on Wani et al (2002), who used clean aquifer solids with an initially low level of indigenous microorganisms. Their transient degradation results most likely involved a slow buildup of the microorganism population in their columns in the presence of a variety of supplied carbon sources.…”

Section: Column Kinetics Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are little data to establish their human toxicity at low concentrations, these compounds are generally regarded as possible human carcinogens due to their ability to cause adverse effects in a variety of different organisms, including hepatic tumors in mice (ATSDR, 1996). It has been estimated that there are over 500 military sites where groundwater is contaminated with energetic compounds (Wani et al, 2002). Hence, there is a widespread need to implement remediation technologies to treat RDX and HMX plumes, especially because some of these plumes have migrated off the DoD bases and could threaten public water supplies (St.John, 1998;Hansen et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remediation of RDX- and HMX-contaminated groundwater using organic mulch permeable reactive barriers

Ahmad¹,

Schnitker

Newell³

2007

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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Organic mulch is a complex organic material that is typically populated with its own consortium of microorganisms. The organisms in mulch breakdown complex organics to soluble carbon, which can then be used by these and other microorganisms as an electron donor for treating RDX and HMX via reductive pathways. A bench-scale treatability study with organic mulch was conducted for the treatment of RDX-and HMX-contaminated groundwater obtained from a plume at the Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD) in Pueblo, Colorado. The site-specific cleanup criteria of 0.55 ppb RDX and 602 ppb HMX were used as the logical goals of the study. Column flow-through tests were run to steady-state at the average site seepage velocity, using a 70%:30% (vol.:vol.) mulch:pea gravel packing to approach the formation's permeability. Significant results included: (1) Complete removal of 90 ppb influent RDX and 8 ppb influent HMX in steady-state mulch column effluent; (2) pseudo-first-order steady-state kinetic rate constant, k, of 0.20 to 0.27 h − 1 based on RDX data, using triplicate parallel column runs;(3) accumulation of reduced RDX intermediates in the steady-state column effluent at less than 2% of the influent RDX mass; (4) no binding of RDX to the column fill material; and (5) This article is a U.S. government work, and is not subject to copyright in the United States.be used to design and implement a pilot-scale organic mulch/pea gravel permeable reactive barrier (PRB) at the site.

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Section: Column Kinetics Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation of RDX- and HMX-contaminated groundwater using organic mulch permeable reactive barriers

Ahmad¹,

Schnitker

Newell³

2007

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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“…As a result, there are numerous examples of RDX migrating into groundwater at military manufacturing and testing/training sites (1)(2)(3)(4). In situ bioremediation offers an attractive, cost-effective cleanup option for contaminated sites with limited access.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of Nitrogen Limitation in Transformation of RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine) by Gordonia sp. Strain KTR9

Indest

Hancock

Jung

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…RDX contamination is a significant issue for the U.S. Department of Defense. A recent report from the Massachusetts Military Reservation located in Sandwich, Mass., indicated that RDX was identified in a plume moving offsite at a mean concentration of 290 g/liter (highest concentration of 370 g/liter), which is more than 100 times the maximum contaminant level (57).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbially Mediated Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5- Triazine by Extracellular Electron Shuttling Compounds

Kwon

Finneran

2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The potential for humic substances to stimulate the reduction of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) was investigated. This study describes a novel approach for the remediation of RDX-contaminated environments using microbially mediated electron shuttling. Incubations without cells demonstrated that reduced AQDS transfers electrons directly to RDX, which was reduced without significant accumulation of the nitroso intermediates. Three times as much reduced AQDS (molar basis) was needed to completely reduce RDX. The rate and extent of RDX reduction differed greatly among electron shuttle/acceptor amendments for resting cell suspensions of Geobacter metallireducens and G. sulfurreducens with acetate as the sole electron donor. AQDS and purified humic substances stimulated the fastest rate of RDX reduction. The nitroso metabolites did not significantly accumulate in the presence of AQDS or humic substances. RDX reduction in the presence of poorly crystalline Fe(III) was relatively slow and metabolites transiently accumulated. However, adding humic substances or AQDS to Fe(III)-containing incubations increased the reduction rates. Cells of G. metallireducens alone reduced RDX; however, the rate of RDX reduction was slow relative to AQDSamended incubations. These data suggest that extracellular electron shuttle-mediated RDX transformation is not organism specific but rather is catalyzed by multiple Fe(III)-and humic-reducing species. Electron shuttle-mediated RDX reduction may eventually become a rapid and effective cleanup strategy in both Fe(III)-rich and Fe(III)-poor environments.

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Treatability Study for Biologically Active Zone Enhancement (BAZE) for In Situ RDX Degradation in Groundwater

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Remediation of RDX- and HMX-contaminated groundwater using organic mulch permeable reactive barriers

Remediation of RDX- and HMX-contaminated groundwater using organic mulch permeable reactive barriers

Role of Nitrogen Limitation in Transformation of RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine) by Gordonia sp. Strain KTR9

Microbially Mediated Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5- Triazine by Extracellular Electron Shuttling Compounds

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