Treatibility of Wastewater Containing 2,4 Dichlorophenol Using Aclimated Activated Sludge Microorganisms in Packed Upflow Column Bioreactor

Abstract

Waters containing phenol-derivative chemicals such as chlorinated hydrocarbons must be purified and discharged because of their carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, even at low concentrations. Phenol and phenolic compounds are toxic to soil ecosystems and water microecosystems, aquatic life, and plants, and have negative effects on human health even at low concentrations. They have been reported to cause liver and kidney damage, cardiac toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiac depression, and reduced blood pressure in humans. For this reason these compounds must be removed from the environment with advanced or conventional treatment [1-2]. Phenol and chlorophenolic compounds are widely used in industry in coal businesses, coal distillation units, petroleum refining in the petrochemical industry, pulp and paper bleaching plants, resins, disinfectants, herbicide and insecticide production, and plastics production [3-4]. 2,4-DCP is 2,4-dichlorophenol or 1-hydroxy-2,4-dichlorobenzene; the molecular formula is C 6 H 4 C l2 O and molecular weight is 162.997 g/mol