Treating allergic rhinitis by sublingual immunotherapy: a review

Abstract

Abstract.Objective. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease with high and increasing prevalence. The management of AR includes allergen avoidance, anti-allergic drugs, and allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT), but only the latter works on the causes of allergy and, due to its mechanisms of action, modifies the natural history of the disease. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) was proposed in the 1990s as an option to traditional, subcutaneous immunotherapy. Material and methods. We reviewed all the available controlled trials on the efficacy and safety of SLIT. Results and conclusion. Thus far, more than 60 trials, globally evaluated in 6 meta-analyses, showed that SLIT is an effective and safe treatment for AR. However, it must be noted that to expect clinical efficacy in the current practice SLIT has to be performed following the indications from controlled trials, that is, sufficiently high doses to be regularly administered for at least 3 consecutive years.

Development of a Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) Particle Vaccine to Protect Against House Dust Mite Induced Allergy

“…Most current therapeutic treatments for asthma target neutralization of inflammatory mediators and relieve local symptoms for only a short duration (5,6). Recently developed subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy to induce HDM-specific long-term tolerance have shown promising results in adults and children but such treatment required regular administration of high doses of HDM allergens for at least 3 years to show satisfactory clinical efficacy (7)(8)(9). Absence of a long-term solution to HDM-induced asthma in combination with the dangerous levels of HDM allergens present in households necessitates the requirement for a prophylactic vaccine that would switch the inflammatory immune response induced by HDM allergen to a protective immunity.…”

Acupoint herbal patching for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials

“…However, Shen's review had only 29 33 À0.67 [À12. 13,10.80] 0.91 Hsu 2010 (Social functioning) 29 33 3.33 [À5.80, 12.47] 0.47 Hsu 2010 (Role limitation due to emotional problems) 29 33 7.04 [À17. 15, 31.22] 0.57 Hsu 2010 (Mental health) 29 33 À4.13 [À15.…”

“…If medications appear to be inadequate, immunotherapy can be alternative choice . However, this therapy is inconvenient, with a few standardised allergens and risk of systemic anaphylactic reactions …”

“…12 However, this therapy is inconvenient, with a few standardised allergens and risk of systemic anaphylactic reactions. 13 Acupoint herbal patching (AHP), also known as xueweitiefu, is defined as an external application of the processed medicinal herbal preparations directly to specific portions of the body to produce therapeutic effects through skin absorption and/or stimulating the meridians and acupoints. 14 Here, acupoints are the specific sites through which the qi of zang-fu organs and meridians (pathways in which the qi and blood of the human body are circulated) is transported to the body surface.…”

Quality of Life Improvement after Sublingual Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis

“…There are still some risks of adverse effects that range from mild local reactions like itching and swelling of the oral mucosa to severe systemic manifestation like anaphylaxis [9].…”