Treating Bloodmeal with Peracetic Acid to Produce a Bioplastic Feedstock

Low, Aaron; Verbeek, Casparus Johan R.; Lay, Mark C.

doi:10.1002/mame.201200447

Cited by 12 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Decolouring bloodmeal using 3 -5 wt% PAA has been found to result in the lowering of the glass transition temperature from ~225 o C to ~35 -45 o C 2 and also to require different processing aids for extrusion. [1][2][3] Decolouring bloodmeal using 3 -5 wt% PAA has been found to result in the lowering of the glass transition temperature from ~225 o C to ~35 -45 o C 2 and also to require different processing aids for extrusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 This is probably as a result of the protective effect of short chain carboxylic acids (or their salts) on proteins exposed to hydrogen peroxide, which has been attributed to their action as chelating agents (inhibiting Fenton-type reactions) or as scavengers of reactive oxygen species and free radicals; 19,20 both of the latter cause protein hydrolysis. 2 This paper describes the effect of oxidation during bloodmeal decolouring using PAA on the physical and chemical characteristics of the proteins manifested by changes in the amino acid profile. 10 Helices, sheets, turns and coils which define the secondary structure of the protein are modified by oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes to amino acid composition of bloodmeal after chemical oxidation

et al. 2015

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Bovine-derived bloodmeal can be decoloured using peracetic acid, extruded and injection moulded into a yellow translucent bioplastic. This plastic has different properties to extruded and injection moulded bloodmeal, in that it does not require sodium sulfite or urea to be extrudable. The effect of oxidation on the physical and chemical characteristics of the proteins during bloodmeal decolouring with PAA was studied by assessing changes in the amino acid profile. Polymer interactions, hydrophilicity and the destruction of cysteine crosslinks were measured indirectly by assessing protein solubility, molecular weight distribution and by synchrotron FT-IR analysis. Increasing peracetic acid concentration resulted in an increased loss of iron due to destruction of the porphyrin groups, increased solubility due to destruction or conversion of aromatic amino acids into hydrophilic groups, destruction of lysine, reduced protein content due to increased salt content in the final product, and a larger amount of smaller protein peptides but with a similar average molecular weight to bloodmeal. Amino acid analysis showed an increase in cysteine content in the product, FTIR of the sulfur groups revealed that these were heavily oxidised, such that some would be unable to participate in disulfide bonds thereby increasing protein solubility.Please do not adjust margins Please do not adjust margins conditions. The most recent investigation into the effect of PAA oxidation on dairy proteins, indicated that the amount of carbonyl groups increased while thiol (SH) groups decreased; tryptophan and methionine were most vulnerable to oxidation while lysine was not affected. 7 Neither peptide cleavage, nor

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes to amino acid composition of bloodmeal after chemical oxidation

et al. 2015

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“…5 MPa, and strain at break of 12%-81% depending on the amount of additives used for processing. Novatein ® has a tensile strength of 5.7-9.6 MPa, Young's modulus of 49.4-53.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 MPa, and strain at break of 12%-81% depending on the amount of additives used for processing. [5] However, 4 wt% PAA results in a light yellow powder which can be used to produce a translucent yellow bioplastic via extrusion and injection molding. Hydrogen peroxide and other oxidants are incapable of producing a well-decolored material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Novatein ® has a dark brown color with a slight odor that can be improved by degrading color and odor causing compounds present in the bloodmeal feedstock. [5][6][7] Decoloring with PAA resulted in several changes to the chemical composition and physical characteristics of bloodmeal. [4] A solution of 3 wt% peracetic acid (PAA) can degrade heme, yielding a feedstock with a high degree of luminosity and percentage whiteness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processability and mechanical properties of bioplastics produced from decoloured bloodmeal

et al. 2017

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Bloodmeal is a protein-rich coproduct of the meat industry and can be converted into a thermoplastic. A solution of peracetic acid can be used to degrade colored compounds in bloodmeal, yielding a light yellow material. This causes an increase in β-sheets in the protein's secondary structure, but the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and triethylene glycol (TEG) reduced α-helical and β-sheet content, thereby increasing random coils. Without SDS, chains were less capable of folding into these structures, preventing sufficient intermolecular interactions and chain entanglement, leading to low specific mechanical energy input (SME) during extrusion, and poor consolidation.The whiteness of molded samples showed no correlation with SME during extrusion or the degree of consolidation after extrusion; however, they were observed to have a higher level of whiteness with increasing TEG content and should be considered as a secondary process not directly linked to extrusion. Increasing the amount of water during extrusion increased the Young's modulus (E) by facilitating formation of new interactions, while increasing TEG decreased E as a result of plasticization. The action of SDS on destabilizing electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions was beneficial to extrusion, although it had no further effect during injection molding. TEG had virtually no effect on tensile strength, although it was required for flow and facilitated the formation of strong interactions after water had been evaporated during conditioning. K E Y W O R D Sbioplastics, bloodmeal, peracetic acid How to cite this article: Verbeek CJR, Low A, Lay MC, Hicks TM. Processability and mechanical properties of bioplastics produced from decolored bloodmeal.

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Changes in hydrogen bonding in protein plasticized with triethylene glycol

Hicks

Verbeek

Lay

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Bloodmeal decolored with 4 wt % peracetic acid can be extruded into a semi-transparent bio-plastic through the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), water, and triethylene glycol (TEG). TEG is often used to plasticize protein thermoplastic materials because of its ability to form both hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds. Synchrotron-based FT-IR was used to monitor changes in the types of hydrogen bonding occurring in TEG plasticized protein during heating. Heating was found to overcome a portion of the weaker hydrogen bonds found within and between proteins, observed as a blue-shift in the N-H and O-H stretching vibrations occurring at 3280 cm 21 . TEG was shown to be involved in a larger array of hydrogen bonding environments after heating, evidenced by the broadening of the C-OH stretch around 1076 cm 21 , suggesting improved plasticizer-protein interactions. Additionally, these bonds were found to be as strong as the original interactions, observed as a shift in the C-OH peak back to its original wavenumber (1076 cm 21 ) during cooling. Initially, TEG was spatially distributed into distinct plasticizer-rich and plasticizer-poor domains, giving rise to two glass transitions. Heating allowed the migration and uniform dispersion of TEG throughout the material, and merged the two glass transitions into one broader glass transition region. Heating during DSC removed the peak around 60 C corresponding to the enthalpy of relaxation, which is associated with physical aging of amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers. While physical aging occurred during the storage of DBM, in the presence of TEG it occurred to a lesser extent. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42166.

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Treating Bloodmeal with Peracetic Acid to Produce a Bioplastic Feedstock

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Changes to amino acid composition of bloodmeal after chemical oxidation

Changes to amino acid composition of bloodmeal after chemical oxidation

Processability and mechanical properties of bioplastics produced from decoloured bloodmeal

Changes in hydrogen bonding in protein plasticized with triethylene glycol

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