Treating cognitive impairment in schizophrenia with GLP-1RAs: an overview of their therapeutic potential

Research Progress of Perioperative Application of GLP-1 and Its Protective Effects on Organs

“…GLP-1RAs is also neuroprotective in humans and animals with neurodegenerative diseases, and its neuroprotective effect is independent of blood sugar levels. It is beneficial for the treatment of single-gene progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Wolfram syndrome [53] , chorea [54] , epilepsy [55] , mood disorders [56] , schizophrenia [57] , overeating, alcohol and cocaine abuse [58][59][60] , and Alzheimer's disease [61] . In vitro cell experiments confirmed that GLP-1 could not only reduce carboxymethyl lysine (CML)-induced apoptosis of PC12 neurons, but also increase the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and this protective effect could be eliminated by GW9662.…”

Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder: Current Evidence

“…GLP-1 receptors are expressed in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus (ventral medial nucleus and arcuate nucleus), and limbic system (amygdala and hippocampus), all of which are regions responsible for the regulation of emotion and cognition ( Heppner et al, 2015 ). GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling have a neuroprotective role in the control of insulin resistance, synaptic plasticity, and neuroinflammation and improve cognitive function in learning, memory, executive function, and attention ( Müller et al, 2019 ; Flintoff et al, 2021 ). Therefore, reduced GLP-1R signaling caused by reduced butyrate-producing bacteria in BD patients may impair synaptic plasticity and cognitive function, as demonstrated by several studies.…”

Antipsychotic‐induced weight gain: Is the weight over? New guidelines needed

“…The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonist liraglutide stimulates insulin secretion, reduces appetite and potentially improves cognition. 24,25 Since registration in 2015, one clinical study has randomized 103 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorder, clozapine or olanzapine use and overweight or obesity to liraglutide 1,8 mg/day or placebo injections subcutaneously (s.c.) for 16 weeks. 26 Liraglutide significantly reduced bodyweight compared to placebo (À5.3 kg).…”

“…33,34,36,[41][42][43][44] Liraglutide (and semaglutide) seem promising interventions for AiWG and potentially improve cognition but results need replication in people with SMI. [25][26][27]50,51 Addition of aripiprazole is no appropriate treatment strategy due to possible agitation and akathisia. 12,[45][46][47] Future longterm clinical studies of high methodological quality are necessary to elucidate the efficacy and safety of available pharmacological intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of AiWG in participants with varying diagnoses using different antipsychotics.…”

“…However, topiramate is associated with cognitive adverse effects, aggression and paresthesia which limits clinical applicability 33,34,36,41–44 . Liraglutide (and semaglutide) seem promising interventions for AiWG and potentially improve cognition but results need replication in people with SMI 25–27,50,51 . Addition of aripiprazole is no appropriate treatment strategy due to possible agitation and akathisia 12,45–47 .…”