Treating epilepsy with options other than antiepileptic medications

Muthaffar, Osama

doi:10.17712/nsj.2020.4.20200010

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In total, this study included 48 patients). 14,16–42 The mean current age of patients was 117 months (±29.03) (range 12-372 months). The mean age of disease onset was 28.32 months (±13.68) (range 8 days – 252 months).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Treatment of GAMT deficiency aims to replenish creatinine levels of the brain using creatinine monohydrate. 13,14 In addition, an arginine-restricted diet and sodium benzoate reduce GAA levels, and high doses of L-ornithine supplementation competitively inhibit AGAT activity. 15 Biochemical, imaging, and clinical monitoring with treatment should be done to monitor the efficacy of treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GAMT Deficiency Among Pediatric Population: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics and Management

Almaghrabi,

Muthaffar,

Alahmadi

et al. 2023

Child Neurology Open

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Objective: Analyze the treatment modalities used in real practice by synthesizing available literature. Methods: We reviewed and evaluated 52 cases of GAMT deficiency including 4 novel cases from Saudi Arabia diagnosed using whole-exome sequencing. All data utilized graphical presentation in the form of line charts and illustrated graphs. Results: The mean current age of was 117 months (±29.03) (range 12-372 months). The mean age of disease onset was 28.32 months (±13.68) (range 8 days – 252 months). The most prevalent symptom was developmental delays, mainly speech and motor, seizures, and intellectual disability. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1. Multiple treatments were used, with 54 pharmacological interventions, valproic acid being the most common. Creatinine monohydrate was the prevalent dietary intervention, with 25 patients reporting an improvement. Conclusion: The study suggests that efficient treatment with appropriate dietary intervention can improve patients’ health, stressing that personalized treatment programs are essential in managing this disorder.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GAMT Deficiency Among Pediatric Population: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics and Management

Almaghrabi,

Muthaffar,

Alahmadi

et al. 2023

Child Neurology Open

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“…The prevalence of epilepsy in Saudi Arabia, Italy, Spain, and Scotland has been reported to be 6.5 per 1000 population [3], 7.9 per 1000 population [4], 14.8 per 1000 population [5], and 10 per 1000 population [6], respectively. Epilepsy is linked to a variety of factors, including infectious, vascular, immune, structural, genetic, and metabolic etiologies [7]. Unfortunately, patients with epilepsy (PWE) could frequently face insufficient information and a lack of professional care [8] including poor understanding and communication as well as other barriers by caregivers [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Health Science Students’ Health Fatalism and Perception Towards Patients With Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Global Study

Alyazidi¹,

Muthaffar²,

Alotibi³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The social acceptance of patients with epilepsy is largely determined by society's opinion of epilepsy; therefore, individuals with epilepsy could face prejudice and stigma as a result of negative impressions. Religious beliefs and mystical notions have been shown to influence attitudes toward epilepsy. Health fatalism could also be detrimental to society's and caregivers' approach toward such patients. In extreme settings, this could hinder them from obtaining an adequate treatment process. MethodsA cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted from February 2022 to May 2022 in Saudi Arabia, Spain, Scotland, and Italy using an online questionnaire consisting of 33 questions concerning the Health Fatalism Scale (HFS), the Epilepsy Knowledge Scale (EKS), and the Epilepsy Attitude Scale (EAS). ResultsA total of 735 health science students (HSS) participated in the present study. The majority of participants were females (64.1%) while male participants represented 34.6% of the study. Health science students currently studying in Saudi Arabia represented the majority of participants with a percentage of 58.5%. Among the four countries, students in Saudi Arabia presented with the highest knowledge mean score. Students in Spain had the highest mean attitude score. Muslim students had the highest mean fatalism scores followed by Christian students. ConclusionIn general, a high level of knowledge was observed among the participants, most notably, among Saudis who presented with the highest level of knowledge across the four countries. Regarding attitude, Spanish students presented the best attitude towards patients with epilepsy. Low fatalism scores were commonly observed across all countries regardless of their different demographic characteristics. Fatalism perception should be further detailed to ensure optimal services are delivered without prejudgment by future healthcare workers.

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“…It is estimated that 10.5 million children worldwide suffer from epilepsy, and 80% of epilepsy patients live in low-and middle-income countries [1] . The causes of epilepsy are complex and diverse, including genetic and metabolic factors, immune abnormalities, trauma, infection, and systemic diseases [2,3,4] . Antiepileptic drugs can inhibit epilepsy or improve symptoms without affecting the pathological process of the disease, and about 30% of patients have refractory epilepsy [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genistein Protects Epilepsy-Induced Brain Injury Through Regulating The JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in The Developing Rats

Huang

Feng

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disease caused by the over-synchronization of neurons that lead to brain dysfunction. Recurrent seizures or status epilepticus can cause irreversible brain damage. The JAK2-STAT3 signal transduction pathway is stimulated by cytokines and involved in various pathological processes including inflammation, apoptosis and immune regulation in central system diseases. Keap1/Nrf2 is an important anti-oxidative stress pathway, which can reduce the toxic effects of oxygen free radicals and endogenous toxins on neurons. Genistein (Gen) can modulate inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, and may thereby have antiepileptic effects. This study aimed to explore the regulation of Genistein on JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and the protective effects on brain injury after epilepsy. Methods: Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was used to induce epilepsy in developing rats and Genistein was used for pretreatment of epilepsy. The seizure latency, grade scores and duration of the first generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCs) were recorded. Hippocampus tissue was sampled at 24 hours post-epilepsy. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the number of mature neurons, activated microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, caspase3, Bax and Bcl2 in the hippocampus. Results: Immunofluorescence showed that the number of neurons significantly decreased, and activated microglia and astrocytes significantly increased after epilepsy; Western blot and q-PCR showed that the expressions of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, caspase3 and Bax significantly increased, while Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1 and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced after epilepsy. These effects were reversed by Genistein treatment. Moreover, Genistein was found to prolong seizure latency and reduce seizure intensity score and duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizures(GTCs). Conclusions: Genistein can activate the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant stress pathway and attenuate the activation of microglia and astrocytes. Genistein also inhibits the JAK2-STAT3 inflammation pathway and expression of apoptotic proteins, and increases the number of surviving neurons, thus having a protective effect on epilepsy-induced brain damage.

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Treating epilepsy with options other than antiepileptic medications

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

GAMT Deficiency Among Pediatric Population: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics and Management

GAMT Deficiency Among Pediatric Population: Clinical and Molecular Characteristics and Management

Evaluation of Health Science Students’ Health Fatalism and Perception Towards Patients With Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Global Study

Genistein Protects Epilepsy-Induced Brain Injury Through Regulating The JAK2/STAT3 and Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in The Developing Rats

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