Treatment and Disposal of Processing Wastes

Recycling of poultry process wastewater by ultrafiltration

“…In situations where flux reduction is reversible, the reduction of flux far below the theoretical capacity of the membrane could be attributed to a small portion of pure adsorption on the inner pore or external membrane surfaces and to the convection-induced deposition of proteins on the membrane (Boyd & Zydney, 1998). Although there remains disagreement regarding the location of protein fouling (adsorption into the internal structure of the pores versus surface deposition of a heavy cake of protein aggregates) (Martinez et al, 2000), the importance of the solute properties is well recognized (Nielsen, 1989). Moreover, with the presence of either acid or alkaline in the solution, qualitative differences exist in protein fouling between low and high concentrations.…”

Clean Strategies for the Management of Residues in Dairy Industries

“…Chemicals (e.g., lime, iron and aluminum salts, polymers, and fl occulants) are often added prior to the DAF to improve the DAF performance. A DAF system has many advantages, including its low installation costs, compact design, ability to accept variable loading rates, and low level of maintenance (Nielsen 1996 ) . The mechanical equipment used in the DAF system is fairly simple, requiring limited maintenance attention for things such as pumps and mechanical drives (USEPA 2002).…”

“…Preliminary treatment is the fi rst step in dairy wastewater treatment plants and removes large objects such sticks, bottles, cans, stone, grit, and rags; this process protects the equipment in the plant from physical damage or interference with downstream equipment and treatment processes, including pumps, pump inlets, and pipelines (Nielsen 1996 ) . Treatment equipment such as bar screens and grit chambers are used as the wastewater fi rst enters a treatment plant.…”