Treatment and Disposal Options for a Heavy Metals Waste Containing Soluble Technetium-99

Bostick, W.D.; Shoemaker, J.L.; Osborne, P.E.; Evans-Brown, B.S.

doi:10.1021/bk-1990-0422.ch020

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Their data also indicated that these minerals exhibited anion adsorption behavior that is typical for minerals with variable surface charges (i.e., these minerals exhibited decreasing affinity for the pertechnetate ion with increasing pH of the contacting solution). Studies conducted on hematite by Zhuang et al (1988) and Bostick et al (1990) resulted in K d values that were similar in magnitude (1 to 5 mL/g) to that noted by Palmer and Meyer (1981). Another study involving extensive tests of various types of iron oxides in granitic groundwater indicated K d values of 0 to 5 mL/g under oxic conditions and relatively higher K d values of 0 to 190 mL/g under anoxic conditions (Vandergraff et al 1984).…”

Section: Oxide and Hydroxide Mineralssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Studies conducted by Vandergraff et al (1984) with metallic iron substrate in granitic groundwater yielded relatively high K d values of 190 to 4990 mL/g. The effectiveness of metallic iron for reductive immobilization of 99 Tc (in heavy metal sludge filtrates and simulated raffinate solutions) was also confirmed by studies conducted by Del Cul et al (1993) and Bostick et al (1990), who observed K d values as high as 18 900 to 33 233 mL/g. Metallic iron was also observed (Kunze et al 1996) to successfully immobilize 99 Tc in 6-to 12-M magnesium chloride brine (K d ~121 700 mL/g).…”

Section: Detailed Studies Of the Reductive Immobilization Mechanisms supporting

confidence: 60%

“…In another study, Bird and Lopata (1980), in which solutions containing only trace concentrations were used, noted no measurable pertechnetate adsorption by magnetite. Studies by Lieser and Bauscher (1988), in which groundwater was used, and Bostick et al (1990), in which simulant raffinate was used, also showed negligible adsorption of 99 Tc (K d : <0.1 to 3 mL/g). These observations were confirmed by Byegard et al (1992), who observed that magnetite, when tested in synthetic and natural groundwater matrices (containing relatively high concentrations of SO 4 ) under both oxic and anoxic conditions, showed relatively poor affinity for 99 Tc (K d : 0.3 to 1.3 mL/g).…”

Section: Oxide and Hydroxide Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Pierce¹,

Mattigod²,

Westsik³

et al. 2010

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Executive SummaryPacific Northwest National Laboratory has initiated a waste-form testing program to support the longterm durability evaluation of a waste form for secondary wastes generated from the treatment and immobilization of Hanford radioactive tank wastes. The purpose of the work discussed in this report is to identify candidate stabilization technologies and getters that have the potential to successfully treat the secondary waste stream liquid effluent, mainly from off-gas scrubbers and spent solids, produced by the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Down-selection to the most promising stabilization processes/waste forms is needed to support the design of a solidification treatment unit (STU) to be added to the Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF). To support key decision processes, an initial screening of the secondary liquid waste forms must be completed by February 2010. Later, more comprehensive and longer term performance testing will be conducted, following the guidance provided by the secondary waste-form selection, development, and performance evaluation roadmap. The resulting waste form will be compliant to regulations and performance criteria and will lead to cost-effective disposal of the secondary wastes.This report starts with a brief review of some of the most commonly used solidification formulations that would be candidates for secondary liquid waste streams. In this review, the available data on performance are discussed, and some preliminary recommendations are provided for materials that should undergo additional screening testing. We also 1) discuss options for disposal of WTP secondary solid waste streams, 2) provide a brief overview of standard regulatory test methods used for measuring contaminant leachability and waste-form physical strength (with emphasis on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's [EPA's] new methods as a screening tool for comparing waste solidification materials of interest), and 3) provide an overview of factors that must be considered in long-term performance testing, including state-of-the-art characterization tools that can provide the data needed to technically defend predictive modeling simulations of long-term material behavior. The long-term wasteform testing and solid and leachate characterization must be robust enough to effectively predict material performance in the Integrated Disposal Facility over the 10,000-year period of performance for the engineered system. The solidification technologies for liquid waste streams include cement/grout, containerized Cast Stone, phosphate-bonded ceramics, alkali-aluminosilicate geopolymers, hydroceramics, L-TEM, and fluidized-bed steam reforming (FBSR). In addition to these, other mature technologies and two compounds, namely goethite and sodalite (that are still being developed), that show considerable promise as waste forms or getters are also discussed. It is our recommendation, based upon the available literature, that Cast Stone, chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (Ceramicrete...

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Section: Oxide and Hydroxide Mineralssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Detailed Studies Of the Reductive Immobilization Mechanisms supporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Oxide and Hydroxide Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Pierce¹,

Mattigod²,

Westsik³

et al. 2010

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show abstract

“…al., 1989;Langton, 1989;Gilliam et. al., 1990;Spence et al, 1995;Clark and Wilhite, 1991;Wong, 1991] Palmer, 1990;Sahu and Diamond, 1996A and B;Shi and Day, 1996;Bostick, et al, 1990;Tallent, et al, 1988;Serne, et al, 1992, Allan andKukacka, 1997].…”

Section: Wsrc-tr-2001-00359 Revision 0 July 31 2001mentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art Report on High-Level Waste Tank Closure

Langton¹

2002

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“…Under oxidizing conditions, 99Tc is expected to exist in the oxidation state (VII) as the anion TcOd (Meyer et al 1988), which is highly soluble in water (Bostick et al 1990). The TcO, anion is highly stable over a broad pH range (Wildung et al 1979).…”

Section: Technetiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-scale treatability testing -- Recycle, reuse, and disposal of materials from decontamination and decommissioning activities: Soda blasting demonstration

1995

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Treatment and Disposal Options for a Heavy Metals Waste Containing Soluble Technetium-99

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

Review of Potential Candidate Stabilization Technologies for Liquid and Solid Secondary Waste Streams

State of the Art Report on High-Level Waste Tank Closure

Pilot-scale treatability testing -- Recycle, reuse, and disposal of materials from decontamination and decommissioning activities: Soda blasting demonstration

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