Treatment and prognosis of COVID‑19: Current scenario and prospects (Review)

Li, Xuemei; Li, Tao

doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9435

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 80 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“… 1 Monitoring oxygenation status and providing effective oxygen therapy on time are also essential on these patients. 2 Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) is considered the gold standard in assessing oxygenation, but it is an invasive, painful and expensive procedure, therefore inconvenient for frequent monitoring. A pulse oximeter has been developed as a safer noninvasive alternative to ABG analysis and has become the standard of care to assess oxygenation in clinical practice, which utilises the different light absorption of spectra of oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is pulse oximeter a reliable tool for non‐critically ill patients with COVID‐19?

Kaya

Öz

Kalkan

et al. 2021

Int J Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction Guidelines recommend using a pulse oximeter rather than arterial blood gas (ABG) for COVID‐19 patients. However, significant differences can be observed between oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ) in some clinical conditions. We aimed to assess the reliability of the pulse oximeter in patients with COVID‐19. Methods We retrospectively reviewed ABG analyses and SpO 2 levels measured simultaneously with ABG in patients hospitalised in COVID‐19 wards. Results We categorised total 117 patients into two groups, in whom the difference between SpO 2 and SaO 2 was ≤4% (acceptable difference) and >4% (large difference). A large difference group exhibited higher neutrophil count, C‐reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, D‐dimer and lower lymphocyte count. Multivariate analyses revealed that increased fibrinogen, increased ferritin and decreased lymphocyte count were independent risk factors for a large difference between SpO 2 and SaO 2 . The total study group demonstrated the negative bias of 4.02% with the limits of agreement of −9.22% to 1.17%. The bias became significantly higher in patients with higher ferritin, fibrinogen levels and lower lymphocyte count. Conclusion Pulse oximeters may not be sufficient to assess actual oxygen saturation, especially in COVID‐19 patients with high ferritin and fibrinogen levels and low lymphocyte count with low SpO 2 measurements.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is pulse oximeter a reliable tool for non‐critically ill patients with COVID‐19?

Kaya

Öz

Kalkan

et al. 2021

Int J Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The computed tomography findings of thorax were compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia in 110 (94%) patients. The patients were hospitalized at the median 4th [2][3][4][5][6] day, and the ABG samples were analyzed at the median 11th [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] day after symptom onset. Among the patients, 98.3% received anticoagulant, and 45.3% received antiaggregant agents during hospitalization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with COVID-19 need different levels of hospital care because of hypoxemic respiratory failure 1 . Monitoring oxygenation status and providing effective oxygen therapy on time is also essential on these patients 2 . Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) is considered the gold standard in assessing oxygenation but it is an invasive, painful, and expensive procedure therefore inconvenient for frequent monitorization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is pulse oximeter a reliable tool for non-critically ill patients with COVID-19?

Kaya¹,

Öz

Kalkan

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Guidelines recommend using a pulse oximeter rather than arterial blood gas (ABG) for COVID-19 patients. However, significant differences can be observed between oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in some clinical conditions. We aimed to assess the reliability of pulse oximeter in patients with COVID-19 Methods: We retrospectively reviewed ABG analyses and SpO2 levels measured simultaneously with ABG in patients hospitalized in COVID-19 wards. Results: We categorized total 117 patients into two groups; in whom the difference between SpO2 and SaO2 was 4% (acceptable difference) and >4% (large difference). Large difference group exhibited higher neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, D-dimer and lower lymphocyte count. Multivariate analyses revealed that increased fibrinogen, increased ferritin and decreased lymphocyte count were independent risk factors for large difference between SpO2 and SaO2. The total study group demonstrated the negative bias of 4.02% with the limits of agreement of −9.22% to 1.17%. The bias became significantly higher in patients with higher ferritin, fibrinogen levels and lower lymphocyte count. Conclusion: Pulse oximeters may not be sufficient to assess actual oxygen saturation especially in COVID-19 patients with high ferritin and fibrinogen levels and low lymphocyte count low SpO2 measurements.

show abstract

“…However, cases with 24-day incubation period have also been reported [ 16 ]. Here, we summarize the clinical features of COVID-19 patients with different types such as asymptomatic cases, suspected cases and confirmed cases [ 17 ]. As shown in Table 2 , for asymptomatic cases, there is no obvious related clinical symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and nonproductive cough, however, respiratory specimen tests are positive, including SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test, serum specific IgM antibody test or specific IgG antibody test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%