Treatment and prognosis of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus

Liu, Cheng; Guo, Zhengying; Lei, Lei; Wang, Wenxian; Xu, Chunwei; Fang, M.

doi:10.21037/tcr-19-2349

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Melanoma is one of the most harmful skin cancers, usually originating from ultraviolet exposure from sunshine or tanning beds (1,2). In recent years, more than 150,000 people worldwide have been diagnosed with melanoma cancer annually, of which 30% of cases have been invasive and dangerous (3,4). Therefore, early diagnosis and suitable treatment of melanoma is critical and urgently required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

METTL3-induced UCK2 m6A hypermethylation promotes melanoma cancer cell metastasis via the WNT/β-catenin pathway

Jia

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Background: Melanoma is a highly aggressive, malignant skin tumor with a statistically high mortality rate. N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification is involved in a variety of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. m 6 A modifications regulate the fate and functions of RNA, such as mRNA stability, nuclear processing, transport, localization, translation, primary microRNA (miRNA) processing, and RNA-protein interactions. Several members (including METTL3, METTL14, FTO, ALKBH5, and YTHDF2) are actively involved in a variety of human cancers. However, the basic mechanism of the involvement of uridine cytidine kinase 2 (UCK2) in melanoma metastasis has not been studied. UCK2 is upregulated in a variety of malignancies. However, the complex molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of UCK2 in melanoma remain unclear.Methods: The expression of UCK2 was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The effects of UCK2 on the biological characteristics of PC cells were investigated on the basis of loss-of-function analyses. Immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR) was performed to identify the m 6 A targeted effect of UCK2 in melanoma cancer.Results: Based on the bioinformatics analysis in this study, up-regulation of UCK2 could be essential in melanoma cancer, and associated with poor survival. Furthermore, the m 6 A modification regulated by METTL3 led to UCK2 increased messenger RNA (mRNA) stability in melanoma cancer. Functional and mechanistic experiments indicated that UCK2 enhanced the metastasis of melanoma cancer cells through the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Conclusion:In this study, we found that m 6 A-METTL3 axis induced abnormal UCK2 expression plays a role in melanoma metastasis by enhancing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which may provide new clues for melanoma metastasis. It also provides a potential target for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

METTL3-induced UCK2 m6A hypermethylation promotes melanoma cancer cell metastasis via the WNT/β-catenin pathway

Jia

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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“…Therefore, these authors renewed the need to employ techniques such as massive gene sequencing to be able to search for biomarkers capable of predicting the response of PMME to anti-PD1 immunocheckpoint inhibitors. After another 38 cases of PMME [ 274 , 277 , 278 , 279 , 280 , 281 , 282 , 283 , 284 , 285 , 286 , 287 , 288 , 289 ], Endo F. et al [ 290 ] reported a case of a 70-year-old man who complained of dysphagia due to the presence of a polypoid lesion in the lower thoracic esophagus. Although the histopathological examination had provided the diagnosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma at first, with subsequent pT3N1M0 staging and clinical stage III, a histological re-evaluation after radical esophagectomy revealed the presence of atypical melanocyte cells positive for S-100 protein, Melan-A and HMB-45, and, therefore, PMME was diagnosed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Thousand Faces of Malignant Melanoma: A Systematic Review of the Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus

Cazzato

Cascardi

Colagrande

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus (PMME) is an extremely rare cancer of the esophagus, accounting for 0.1–0.8% of all oro-esophageal cancers and <0.05% of all melanoma subtypes, with an estimated incidence of 0.0036 cases per million/year. We conduct a careful analysis of the literature starting from 1906 to the beginning of 2022, searching the PubMed, Science.gov, Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases. A total of 457 records were initially identified in the literature search, of which 17 were duplicates. After screening for eligibility and inclusion criteria, 303 publications were ultimately included, related to 347 patients with PMME. PMME represents a very rare entity whose very existence has been the subject of debate for a long time. Over time, an increasing number of cases have been reported in the literature, leading to an increase in knowledge and laying the foundations for a discussion on the treatment of this pathology, which still remains largely represented by surgery. In recent times, the possibility of discovering greater mutations in gene hotspots has made it possible to develop new therapeutic strategies of which nivolumab is an example. Future studies with large case series, with clinicopathological and molecular data, will be necessary to improve the outcome of patients with PMME.

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“…PMME is a rare and highly aggressive tumor with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. PMME accounts for 0.1–0.2% of all malignant esophageal tumors ( 68–70 ). The median age at diagnosis is 60.4 years, which is younger than that for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( 71 ).…”

Section: Primary Malignant Melanoma Of the Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PMME originates in the lower to middle esophagus in approximately 90% of cases ( 71 ). It has been presumed that melanoblasts migrate from the neural crest to various sites, such as the epidermis, oral cavity and uvea, where the primary malignant melanoma arises ( 68 , 69 , 74 , 75 ). The esophagus normally does not contain melanoblasts, so abnormal migration of esophageal melanocytes may explain the occurrence of PMME ( 59 , 75 ).…”

Section: Primary Malignant Melanoma Of the Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rare malignant neoplasm of the esophagus: current status and future perspectives

Yoshinami,

Nishimura,

Hosokai

et al. 2023

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology

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Esophageal cancer is common worldwide, including in Japan, and its major histological subtype is squamous cell carcinoma. However, there are some rare esophageal cancers, including neuroendocrine neoplasm, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, carcinosarcoma and malignant melanoma. The biological and clinical features of these cancers differ from those of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, different treatment strategies are needed for these cancers but are based on limited evidence. Neuroendocrine neoplasm is mainly divided into neuroendocrine tumor and neuroendocrine carcinoma by differentiation and the Ki-67 proliferation index or mitotic index. Epidemiologically, the majority of esophageal neuroendocrine neoplasms are neuroendocrine carcinoma. The treatment of neuroendocrine carcinoma is similar to that of small cell lung cancer, which has similar morphological and biological features. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is known to be associated with alterations in the c-KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor genes and, if resectable, is treated in accordance with the modified Fletcher classification. Carcinosarcoma is generally resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy and requires multimodal treatments such as surgery plus chemotherapy to achieve cure. Primary malignant melanoma is resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, but immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently demonstrated efficacy for malignant melanoma of the esophagus. This review focuses on the current status and future perspectives for rare cancer of the esophagus.

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Treatment and prognosis of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

METTL3-induced UCK2 m6A hypermethylation promotes melanoma cancer cell metastasis via the WNT/β-catenin pathway

METTL3-induced UCK2 m6A hypermethylation promotes melanoma cancer cell metastasis via the WNT/β-catenin pathway

The Thousand Faces of Malignant Melanoma: A Systematic Review of the Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus

Rare malignant neoplasm of the esophagus: current status and future perspectives

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