Treatment and reuse of shale gas wastewater: Electrocoagulation system for enhanced removal of organic contamination and scale causing divalent cations

Electrocoagulation coupled adsorption for anaerobic wastewater post-treatment and reuse purposes

“…El-Ashtoukhy et al [47] observed a specific energy consumption of 15.1 kWh/kg for the treatment of car-wash effluents with COD concentrations between 350 and 550 mg/L at 115 A/m 2 and pH 7.15. Asaithambi et al [22] demonstrate that the lower the COD concentration, the higher the specific energy consumption, and the specific energy consumption value observed in this work is average compared to those commonly observed by other authors [13,17]. The electrocoagulation effluent in optimized conditions was completely characterized, according to Table 4.…”

“…In addition, the increase in OHions also enhances the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH*). These can cause the oxidation of organic matter to smaller intermediate compounds and, finally, to CO 2 and H 2 O, causing degradation of pollutants [13]. In the case of the Al electrodes, when the wastewater pH is maintained in the range of 4 to 8, all the aluminum cations produced in the anode form the polymer species of Al 13 O 4 (OH) 24…”

“…Wastewater post-treatment techniques, including adsorption [4][5][6], membrane separation [7][8][9][10], electrolysis [11][12][13], ozonization [14,15] and other processes, have been highlighted as advanced wastewater treatment systems for reuse. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an environmentally interesting and efficient technology to remove a variety of pollutants (organic and inorganic).…”

“…Electrocoagulation (EC) is an environmentally interesting and efficient technology to remove a variety of pollutants (organic and inorganic). Several mechanisms of removal and degradation may exist simultaneously in the electrochemical reactor [11][12][13]16]. It has been successfully applied in the treatment of water for reuse purposes [11][12][13], including post-treatment of UASB effluent [17,18], especially when there is the option of replacing energy matrices with renewable sources [19,20].…”

Syngas production: diverse H2/CO range by regulating carbonates electrolyte composition from CO2/H2O via co-electrolysis in eutectic molten salts

“…Compared to divalent molten salts, monovalent salts have higher conductivity, lower energy consumption, and give better electrical conductivity for the reduction of carbon dioxide at high temperature. 29,30 Basic data was obtained from NIST Chemistry WebBook 31 Fig. 1a shows the potential of metal deposition with three kinds of hydroxides.…”