Treatment and utilization of dairy industrial waste: A review

Fe3O4@C particles synthesized with iron‐containing water treatment residuals and its potential for methylene blue removal

“…Research on waste utilization has boomed recently as the existing sources in the Earth are very limited and a great number of matter that is discarded shows very promising potential to be utilized again . Many sorts of wastes are worth being recycled and re‐used, not only for transferring these materials into re‐used sources but reduce the costly waste disposal expenses .…”

“…Research on waste utilization has boomed recently as the existing sources in the Earth are very limited and a great number of matter that is discarded shows very promising potential to be utilized again. [1][2][3] Many sorts of wastes are worth being recycled and re-used, not only for transferring these materials into re-used sources but reduce the costly waste disposal expenses. 4,5 For instance, water treatment plants have been built globally for supplying clean and safe water for humans by removing containments from source water, in which a mass of water treatment sludge has been produced continuously.…”

Interactions between Microalgae and Bacteria in the Treatment of Wastewater from Milk Whey Processing

“…The concentrations of suspended solids, TKN, and total phosphorus range between 0.1 and 22.0 g/L, 0.01 and 1.7 g/L, and 0.006 and 0.5 g/L, respectively [11]. According to Ahmad et al [5], pH also varies within a very wide range (4.7-11). Dairy effluents often include milk or milk products lost during processing (skimmed milk, spoiled milk, spilled milk, and curd pieces), by-products of processing operations (whey permeates, whey, and milk), starter cultures used in manufacturing of fermented products, reagents used in CIP (cleaning in-place) procedures, contaminants used for washing trucks, cans, equipment tanks, bottles and floors, and different additives used in the manufacturing process [1].…”

“…According to Slavov [1], wastewater production ranges between 0.5 to 37 m 3 /m 3 of processed milk, with an average of 2.5. More recently, narrower ranges have been indicated: Ahmad et al [5] reported water consumptions between 6 and 10 m 3 /m 3 of processed milk.…”

“…Anaerobic processes seem a better and more cost-effective choice due to the high organic and fat concentration in dairy wastewaters [11], and UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactors are often reported as the preferable option [5,14].…”