Treatment as diagnosis and diagnosis as treatment: empirical management of presumptive tuberculosis in India

Mcdowell, Andrew; Pai, Madhukar

doi:10.5588/ijtld.15.0562

Cited by 64 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Symptom‐based treatments, however, are not the sole territory of Bengali doctors. Symptomatic treatment is common across India (J. Das and Hammer ; V. Das ; V. Das and R. K. Das ; Kamat ; Kamat and Nichter ; McDowell and Pai ), and Mohit's pharmakon and treatment of symptom as disease helps us understand what is often called “irrational” health care and pharmaceutical use in India.…”

Section: The House Callmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mohit's Pharmakon: Symptom, Rotational Bodies, and Pharmaceuticals in Rural Rajasthan

Mcdowell

2017

Med Anthropol Q

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This article reexamines medical anthropology theories of symptom, illness, and disease to consider unregulated medical care in India. It builds on clinical observations, an inventory of the pharmaceuticals used by men who call themselves "Bengali doctors," and their patients to understand medical care in a context that privileges symptom not disease. It draws on Derrida's use of pharmakon to outline the complexities of care and embodiment and helps locate local and medical anthropology theories of symptom and pharmaceuticals within theories of the experiential body. It asks two key questions: What is medical care without disease and what are its implications on a local biology in which disease-based biomedicine is modified? Searching for a tentative answer, it works to bring medical anthropology's interest in symptom back to the body without losing symptoms' connection to political economies, individual experience, and localized biomedicine.

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Section: The House Callmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Das 2014;V. Das and R. K. Das 2006;Kamat 2001;Kamat and Nichter 1998;McDowell and Pai 2015), and Mohit's pharmakon and treatment of symptom as disease helps us understand what is often called "irrational" health care and pharmaceutical use in India.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mohit's Pharmakon: Symptom, Rotational Bodies, and Pharmaceuticals in Rural Rajasthan

Mcdowell

2017

Med Anthropol Q

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“…Studies show complicated, long care seeking pathways and extensive diagnostic delays (12), widespread empirical management (13), and poor adherence to established standards of care in the private sector (14). Often this is due to poor knowledge about TB, especially among informal care providers, inaccessibility to proper training, and inadequate supervision and re-training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating clinicians’ user experience and acceptability of LearnTB, a smartphone application for tuberculosis in India

Pande¹,

Saravu²,

Temesgen³

et al. 2017

mHealth

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious killer, and India accounts for 2.8 of the 10.4 million TB cases that occur each year, making it the highest TB burden country worldwide. Poor quality of TB care is a major driver of the epidemic in India. India's large private, unregulated sector manages over 50% of the TB patients, with studies showing suboptimal diagnosis and treatment in the private sector. Better education of doctors using mobile applications (apps) is a possible solution. While India has seen an explosion of mobile phone services, and while the use of mobile health interventions has been gaining interest, little is known about mHealth around tuberculosis in India.Methods: Our study aimed to understand the user experience and acceptability of a smartphone application, LearnTB, amongst private sector academic clinicians in India. This study was conducted amongst 101 clinicians at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India. The user experience of participants (part 1) and acceptability (part 2) were evaluated with the use of two valid, English, paper-based questionnaires. The first questionnaire was based on the System Usability Scale (SUS); the second questionnaire was based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were collected during February and March 2017 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression as well as logistic regression analysis.Results: A response rate of 99% was achieved; 100 participants responded to the second questionnaire and Conclusion:The first part of the study indicated high user experience of the LearnTB application. The TAM questionnaire (second part) explained a significant portion of the variance in clinicians' IU the LearnTB application. The PU of the application has the highest impact on the clinicians' IU the Learn TB application.This study provides a preliminary analysis of mobile health interventions for tuberculosis in India, and emphasizes the need for future research in this domain. mHealth, 2017

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“…This processor supports various mainstream flash memory interfaces and is equipped with a special double external bus interface. The capacity of the distributed memory is 64 k. These interfaces support the development of good communication with external devices [6].…”

Section: A System Hardware Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded Spectrum Sensor Network Architecture and Transmission Medium Test Based on TCP/IP

Zhang

Han

2016

Int. J. Onl. Eng.

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Abstract-Electromagnetic spectrum monitoring that fully covers spectrum resources guarantees the orderly use of key technologies. However, existing monitoring equipment and methods cannot satisfy the increasing demand. A feasible solution for this problem is a wireless sensor network that is developed using a wireless self-organized network technology for a new type of distributed information system. For the wireless spectrum-monitoring network used by software, this study analyzes the operating system and hardware platform and then tests the physical transport layer under different transmission rates. Factors that may affect transmission performance are also investigated. A two-layer network model is eventually used based on the network to adapt to the requirements and the minimum transmission rate. The first layer uses cable, wideband code-division multiple access (CDMA), and time-division synchronous CDMA; the second layer network uses Wi-Fi/cable. This two-layer network model combines two heterogeneous networks, thereby enabling perception among nodes and gateway nodes. The management center can smooth the data transmission process. To perform several tasks simultaneously, we design our own two layers at the application layer protocol, namely, transmission protocol and data. The twostage ad-hoc network process, the working principle, and the implementation method of each network application layer module are analyzed. The new spectrum sensor network structure exhibits low power consumption, low cost, as well as distributed and self-organization characteristics. It can guarantee the safety of data transmission with a good transmission rate.Index Terms-TCP/IP, network module function realization, wireless sensor network design

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Treatment as diagnosis and diagnosis as treatment: empirical management of presumptive tuberculosis in India

Abstract: Empiricism in general and in TB care is widespread in the urban private sector in India. Ethnography might offer useful insights for addressing this in public-private mix models.

Cited by 64 publications

References 33 publications

Mohit's Pharmakon: Symptom, Rotational Bodies, and Pharmaceuticals in Rural Rajasthan

Mohit's Pharmakon: Symptom, Rotational Bodies, and Pharmaceuticals in Rural Rajasthan

Evaluating clinicians’ user experience and acceptability of LearnTB, a smartphone application for tuberculosis in India

Embedded Spectrum Sensor Network Architecture and Transmission Medium Test Based on TCP/IP

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