Treatment by -acetylcysteine and melatonin increases cardiac baroreflex and improves antioxidant reserve

Girouard, Hélène; Denault, Catherine; Chulak, Chantal; Champlain, Jacques de

doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.06.009

Cited by 62 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In SHR rats, however, BP decreased after 6 weeks of melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg), which was associated with a reduction of interstitial renal tissue inflammation, decreased oxidative stress and attenuation of pro-inflammatory transcription factors in the kidney [50]. In the same model of hypertension, melatonin, in addition to lowering mean BP and causing a heart rate reduction, restored plasma norepinephrine concentration and the proportion of β1/β2 receptors in the heart [51], enhanced maximal relaxation of mesenteric arteries [52] and improved baroreflex responses [53]. Similarly, in rats with nitric oxide-deficient hypertension, 5-day treatment with melatonin (10 mg/kg) reduced BP and ischemiareperfusion injury of myocardial tissue [54].…”

Section: Pineal Melatonin and Blood Pressure Regulationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of melatonin in metabolic regulation

Korkmaz

Topal

Tan

et al. 2009

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

124

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Although the human genome has remained unchanged over the last 10,000 years, our lifestyle has become progressively more divergent from those of our ancient ancestors. This maladaptive change became apparent with the Industrial Revolution and has been accelerating in recent decades. Socially, we are people of the 21st century, but genetically we remain similar to our early ancestors. In conjunction with this discordance between our ancient, genetically-determined biology and the nutritional, cultural and activity patterns in contemporary Western populations, many diseases have emerged. Only a century ago infectious disease was a major cause of mortality, whereas today non-infectious chronic diseases are the greatest cause of death in the world. Epidemics of metabolic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome and certain cancers) have become major contributors to the burden of poor health and they are presently emerging or accelerating, in most developing countries. One major lifestyle consequence is light at night and subsequent disrupted circadian rhythms commonly referred to as circadian disruption or chronodisruption. Mounting evidence reveals that particularly melatonin rhythmicity has crucial roles in a variety of metabolic functions as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory chronobiotic and possibly as an epigenetic regulator. This paper provides a brief outline about metabolic dysregulation in conjunction with a disrupted melatonin rhythm.

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Section: Pineal Melatonin and Blood Pressure Regulationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Role of melatonin in metabolic regulation

Korkmaz

Topal

Tan

et al. 2009

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

124

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“…NAC also corrected endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rats [93]. The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase is also preserved by NAC through its ability to scavenge radicals [81,84].…”

Section: Cysteinementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Table 3 lists studies where NAC has been tested as an antihypertensive. Reports in animal models of essential hypertension, including SHRs, show that it prevents increases in or lowers elevated blood pressures [79][80][81][82][83][84][85] ( Figure 4). There has been only one reported study of NAC in human essential hypertensives.…”

Section: Cysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pyridoxine has been shown to improve endothelial function in cardiac transplant patients [103]. [80] Spontaneously hypertensive rats 4 g/kg body wt/day oral dose for 2 weeks Lowered systolic but not diastolic blood pressure Cabassi et al [81] Spontaneously hypertensive rats 4 g/kg body wt/day oral dose for 4 weeks Lowered mean arterial pressure and heart rate Girouard et al [82][83][84] Fructose-treated hypertensive Sprague-Dawley rats 1.5 g/kg body wt/day oral dose for 12 weeks Prevented increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure Song et al [85] Human essential hypertensives (cigarette smokers) 1800 mg/day oral dose Addition of N-acetyl cysteine to ACE inhibitor treatment lowered 24-h and daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures Barrios et al [86] Vitamin E…”

Section: Vitamin B6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension

Vasdev

Gill

2011

Int J Angiol

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Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide. Individuals with hypertension are at an increased risk for stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. Although the etiology of essential hypertension has a genetic component, lifestyle factors such as diet play an important role. Insulin resistance and glucose intolerance are common features of hypertension in humans and in animal models. Altered glucose metabolism leads to an increased production of the reactive aldehyde, methylglyoxal. Methylglyoxal binds sulfhydryl and amino groups of proteins forming conjugates/advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This alters protein structure and function and can affect vascular calcium channels, enzymes, and tissue proteins leading to increased oxidative stress. These alterations impair endothelial function leading to an increase in intracellular free calcium, peripheral vascular resistance, and hypertension. Supplementation with antioxidants, including vitamin C, E, or B6, thiols such as lipoic acid and cysteine, and the quinone enzyme Q10, have been shown to lower blood pressure in animal models and humans with essential hypertension. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) studies demonstrated that a wellbalanced diet, rich in these nutrients, was effective in lowering blood pressure. These antioxidants may achieve their antihypertensive effects by reducing aldehyde conjugate/AGE formation and oxidative stress, by improving insulin resistance and endothelial function, or by normalizing calcium channels and peripheral vascular resistance. In essential hypertension, deficiencies of antioxidants may exist or a higher than normal amount may be required to correct metabolic abnormalities. Dietary supplementation with antioxidants may be a beneficial, inexpensive, first-line alternate treatment modality for hypertension.

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“…The effective buffering of sympathetic surges during sleep is dependent on bar reflex sensitivity which is known to increase during REM sleep in the successive sleep cycles [36]. Meditation practices [37] and melatonin administration [38] help to enhance the sensitivity of baroreflex mechanism. Meditation practices in turn enhance the melatonin levels [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vipassana Meditation Practices Enhance the Parasympathetic Activity during Sleep: a Case-Control Study of Heart Rate Variability across Sleep Cycles

Nagendra¹,

Sulekha²,

Sasidharan³

et al. 2017

IJCAM

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Background: Sleep state related cardiac autonomic modulations are important for proper cardiovascular functions and to maintain homeostasis during sleep. The present study evaluates the efficacy of Vipassana meditation on cardio autonomic dynamicity across sleep cycles during sleep.Methods: 26 Senior Vipassana meditation practitioners and 23 non-meditating control subjects participated in the study. Whole night polysomnography with lead II ECG were carried out using 32 channel, 2110 digital EEG system (Nihon Kohden, Japan) and with 16 channels Power Lab data acquisition system (AD Instruments, Australia. Differences in sleep variables across sleep cycles among the meditation practitioners and control groups (between groups) were analyzed by two way ANOVA with turkey posthoc test. The heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed during N2 and N3 and REM sleep state across three consecutive sleep cycles. The HRV variables-High frequency power (HF) and low frequency power (LF) density, their normalized units (HFnu and LFnu) and ratio (LF/HF ratio) were compared across sleep cycles using Analysis of variance with repeated measures for within group and 't' test for between groups.Results: Vipassana meditators showed significantly high HFnu irrespective of sleep states across sleep cycles. During REM sleep, as HF nu was concomitantly enhanced along with increased LFnu, the LF/HF ratio was reduced in meditators. In addition, meditators showed distinct sleep architecture with enhanced slow wave sleep and REM sleep states along with significantly reduced intermittent awakenings indicative of proper sleep organisation. Conclusion:Vipassana meditation practice helps to establish a proper cardio autonomic dynamicity during sleep with a persistent increase in parasympathetic activity across sleep states. Such a state of heightened parasympathetic activity especially during REM sleep helps to buffer the sympathetic surges and helps to maintain a proper sympatho-vagal balance essential for quality sleep and cardio protection.

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Treatment by -acetylcysteine and melatonin increases cardiac baroreflex and improves antioxidant reserve

Abstract: The results of the present study suggest that melatonin and n-acetylcysteine improve the baroreflex response in SHR in correlation with the antioxidant effects of these substances.

Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

Role of melatonin in metabolic regulation

Role of melatonin in metabolic regulation

Antioxidants in the treatment of hypertension

Vipassana Meditation Practices Enhance the Parasympathetic Activity during Sleep: a Case-Control Study of Heart Rate Variability across Sleep Cycles

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