Treatment by repeating phrases of positive thoughts (TRPPT): A new effective treatment tool against psychological troubles (PSYT) (Depression, anxiety, stress, low self-esteem and dissatisfaction in life) in multiple sclerosis patients and students, a controlled and randomized pilot study.

Abstract

Introduction: Psychological troubles (PSYT) are common co-morbidities symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Negative verbal thinking style plays a causal role in maintaining intrusions, perhaps serving to trigger subsequent depressive and anxious symptoms and psychological distress. Positive verbal thinking style plays protective role against these symptoms. Objective: The objective of this study was the first to evaluate the short-term effects of the TRPPT method (Treatment by Repeating Phrases of Positive Thoughts). Method: The total of (27) participants, 20 students from the University of Damascus and 7 MS patients from Damascus Hospital and Ibn Alnafees Hospital. Results: Experimental group who has benefited from RPPT have had less depression, less anxiety and less stress and there were significant differences between experimental and control groups. According to value of effect size (Cohen's d), NAT (1.595; 1.822), depression (1.446; 2.615), anxiety (1.492; 2.286), stress (1.395; 2.363) decrease after TRPPT; and PAT (1.643; 2.162) self-esteem (2.204; 1.676) and satisfaction in life (1.432; 1.781) improveamong MS patients and students after TRPPT, respectively. The results showed a significant reduction in psychological disturbances throughout the experimental group (p<0.05) and a significant reduction in stress following the RPPT protocol (p<0.01), less anxiety (p<0.001) and also less depression (p<0.05). The short-term effect RPPT (repeating phrases positive thoughts) is significant. A low score of psychological disorders have emerged as one independent variable predictive of a good response to treatment by RPPT method. Conclusion: The positive cognitions improve the treatment of depression, anxiety and stress in clinical sample (MS patients) and non-clinical one (students) and it also enhance their selfesteem and their quality of life. Unlike medicinal treatments, there is no consumption limit or adverse side effects. TRPPT is new psychotherapeutic approach against psychological disorders. Contrary to NAT, increased PAT predicted decreased psychopathy. So, the optimal state of mind based on TRPPT is characterized by the optimal balance between cognitive and affective structure, corresponding to an adaptive and flexible balance in healthy persons in neutral situations. This theoretically optimal state of mind is positively balanced, but at the same time includes sufficient negative cognition to remain realistically cautious.

Women's experience of stress and related use of diet and/or dietary supplements

“…Attempts to change such were noted among many of the participants despite there being little research to support whether thinking patterns are recognized as contributing to the experience of stress among women or whether chronic stress contributes to behavior becoming habitual. However, one mixed gender study which allocated student volunteers ( n = 44 [11 men and 33 women]) to either an experimental group ( n = 21) that repeated positive thoughts in the presence of feelings of anxiety, depression or stress, or a control group ( n = 23) which did not, revealed that positive thinkers experienced a reduction in such mental states including a reduction in stress (Alsaleh, Lebreuilly, Tostain, & Lebreuilly, 2018). Furthermore, a study that investigated women ( n = 98) with fibromyalgia found that high levels of rumination, defined as a “thinking style that generates re‐current repetitive, intrusive and uncontrollable thoughts” were correlated with stress as measured using the perceived stress scale (Malin & Littlejohn, 2015).…”

“…to either an experimental group (n = 21) that repeated positive thoughts in the presence of feelings of anxiety, depression or stress, or a control group (n = 23) which did not, revealed that positive thinkers experienced a reduction in such mental states including a reduction in stress (Alsaleh, Lebreuilly, Tostain, & Lebreuilly, 2018).…”

Invisible and Visible Wounds of War-Syrian g Refugees Crisis, Syrian War Crisis, PsyWar Syndrome and their Waste on People's Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors Comparison Before and After the War and with Countries at Peace

“…It's observed that MS patients think negatively according to mean of T-score. In War, the mean scores of negative and positive automatic thoughts in students and MS patients were vary (positive automatic thoughts increase and negative automatic thoughts decrease) when the positive and cognitive psychotherapy has been applied [1,8,9,11]. So, provide of the psychological-social support and treatment for victims of war and refugees are very important in war.…”

“…In study in 2011 on adolescents [7], prevalence rates were 4.59% for state anxiety, 4.84% for trait anxiety, and 7.90% for depression. In War in Syria, the Syrian adults are suffering from depressive symptoms; and the mental and psychiatric disorders are one of the most common disorders in war conditions [1,4,8,10,11,52]. In War, in 2015-2016, the prevalence of depression evaluated by BDI-FS-Ar was 79.00% in students at Damascus University, and 63.00% in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Syria [4,10].…”

Validation and Reliability Studies of Instruments:Syria-Arabic Newer Self-Rating Scales for PsyWar Syndrome: QID-2-Ar (Quick Inventory of Depression-Two questions-Arabic), BDI-FS-Ar (Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen-Arabic), and MADRS-S-Ar (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale Self-assessment-Arabic): Clinical Assessments of Depression and Depressive Symptoms in Syria-War Conditions

“…In War in Syria, the Syrian adults are suffering from depressive symptoms; and the mental and psychiatric disorders are one of the most common disorders in war conditions Alsaleh M [1,2], Kubitary [3,10]. Before War, Radwan [4] found that severe depression using BDI-II affects 5.4% of Damascus University students Radwan [4], Kubitary [10].…”