Patients are increasingly involved in cancer treatment decisions and yet little research has explored factors that may affect patient attitudes and beliefs about their therapeutic choices. This paper examines psychosocial factors (e.g., attitudes, social support), provider-related factors (e.g., communication, trust), and treatment considerations in a prospective study of a sample of early stage breast cancer patients eligible for chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy (BQUAL cohort). The data comes from a multi-site cohort study of white, black, Hispanic, and Asian non-metastatic breast cancer patients recruited in New York City, Northern California, and Detroit Michigan. Baseline surveys were conducted over the telephone between 2006 and 2010 among a total of 1145 women. Most participants were white (68%), had more than a high school education (76%), and were diagnosed with stage I disease (51%). The majority of women reported discussing chemotherapy and hormonal therapy with their doctor (90% and 83% respectively); these discussions primarily took place with medical oncologists. Nearly a quarter of women reported that the treatment decision was difficult and the majority were accompanied to the doctor (76%) and involved a friend or family member in the decision (54%). Positive considerations (e.g., beliefs about treatment reducing risk of recurrence) were important in making treatment decisions. Participants preferred a shared decision-making style, but results suggested that there is room for improvement in terms of actual patient involvement in the decision and provider communication, particularly among black patients. Patients 65 years and older reported fewer provider discussions of chemotherapy, poorer patient-provider communication, higher rates of being assisted by family members in making the decision, and more negative attitudes and beliefs towards treatment.