Treatment for 2 mo with n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces adiposity and some atherogenic factors but does not improve insulin sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study

Kabir, Morvarid; Skurnik, Géraldine; Naour, Nadia; Pechtner, V.; Meugnier, Emmanuelle; Rome, Sophie; Quignard‐Boulangé, Annie; Vidal, Hubert; Slama, G.; Clément, Karine; Guerre-Millo, Michéle; Rizkalla, Salwa W.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1670

Cited by 222 publications

(198 citation statements)

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“…Dyslipidaemia is one of the principal causative factor contributing to the atherogenic processes (Steinberg 2004), and the AI is commonly used as the finest lipid parameter to predict human CVD risk (Vinson et al 2001). The AI lowering effect of n-3 LC-PUFA has been previously reported by Deutch et al (2000) and Kabir et al (2007) in women, and our data confirm the importance of EPA and DHA in the prevention of dyslipidaemia and related diseases, emphasizing the need of a better understanding of the molecular process involved.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Influence of genotype on the modulation of gene and protein expression by n-3 LC-PUFA in rats

et al. 2013

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It is becoming increasingly apparent that responsiveness to dietary fat composition is heterogeneous and dependent on the genetic make-up of the individual. The aim of this study was to evidence a genotype-related differential effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) on the modulation of hepatic genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Fourteen spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, which present a naturally occurring variation in the gene encoding for sterol responsive element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), contributing to their inherited variation in lipid metabolism, and 14 Wistar-Kyoto (WK) rats were fed a control diet or an n-3 LC-PUFA enriched diet for 90 days. Plasma lipid profile, total lipid fatty acid composition in plasma and liver, and the expression of SREBP-1 and 2, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 encoding genes and proteins were determined. The positive effect of the enriched diet on the serum lipid profile, particularly on total cholesterol and triglyceride level, was clearly evidenced in both WK and SH rats, but n-3 LC-PUFA acted through a different modulation of gene and protein expression that appeared related to the genetic background. Our study evidences a different transcriptional effect of specific nutrients related to genetic variants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Influence of genotype on the modulation of gene and protein expression by n-3 LC-PUFA in rats

et al. 2013

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“…Fish contains omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Kabir et al, 2007), which has been positively correlated with SHBG (Thomas et al, 1999). A low intake of fish by our study subjects (median, 1.5 times per week) may make it difficult to detect an association for this food group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Consumption of animal products, their nutrient components and postmenopausal circulating steroid hormone concentrations

et al. 2009

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Background/Objectives: Little is known about nutritional factors that influence circulating concentrations of steroid hormones, which are consistently associated with risk of breast cancer for postmenopausal women. We aimed to investigate the association between consumption of animal products and the plasma concentrations of steroid hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Subjects/Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on plasma from 766 naturally postmenopausal women. We measured plasma concentrations of steroid hormones and SHBG, and estimated dietary intakes using a 121-item food frequency questionnaire. Log-transformed values of hormone concentrations were regressed on quartiles of intake of meat and dairy products among food items, and fats, proteins and cholesterol among nutrient intake. Results: Total red and fresh red meat consumption was negatively associated with SHBG levels (P for trend ¼ 0.04 and o0.01, respectively). Mean SHBG concentrations were B8% and 13% lower for women in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of total red and fresh red meat consumption, respectively. Positive associations were observed between dairy product consumption and total and free estradiol concentrations (P for trend ¼ 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). Mean concentrations of total and free estradiol were 15 and 14% higher for women in the highest quartile of dairy product consumption than for those in the lowest quartile, respectively. No associations were observed with consumption of processed meat, chicken, fish, eggs, cholesterol, fats or protein.Conclusions: Our study suggests that greater consumption of total red and fresh red meat and dairy products might influence circulating concentrations of SHBG and estradiol, respectively. Confirmation and further investigation is required.

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“…Another dietary approach in the prevention of diabetes is the Mediterranean diet, rich in olive oil, which may provide cardiovascular benefits (49) . Manipulation of dietary fat quality by increasing the MUFA content or the n-3 or n-6 long-chain PUFA content of the diet in intervention studies has not shown consistent results on insulin sensitivity (40)(41)(42)(43) . Based on the earlier findings on FA handling and insulin sensitivity in different prediabetic states, it can be speculated that effectiveness of dietary fat manipulation may depend on initial metabolic phenotype.…”

Section: Long-term Dietary Intervention Manipulating Diet Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are indications that dietary fat quality may have an impact on pathways of FA handling and insulin sensitivity. Indeed, dietary intervention, including a reduction in SFA, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity (38,39) , possibly through effects on muscle lipid handling, although data are not consistent (40)(41)(42)(43) . PUFA may reduce lipid overflow through inducing adipocyte differentiation thereby increasing lipid uptake as shown in a human preadipocyte cell line (44) .…”

Section: Dietary Fat Quality and Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of fatty acid metabolism in different insulin-resistant phenotypes by means of stable isotopes

Blaak

2017

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The obese insulin resistant and/or prediabetic state is characterised by systemic lipid overflow, mainly driven by an impaired lipid buffering capacity of adipose tissue, and an impaired capacity of skeletal muscle to increase fat oxidation upon increased supply. This leads to the accumulation of bioactive lipid metabolites in skeletal muscle interfering with insulin sensitivity via various mechanisms. In this review, the contribution of dietary v. endogenous fatty acids to lipid overflow, their extraction or uptake by skeletal muscle as well as the fractional synthetic rate, content and composition of the muscle lipid pools is discussed in relation to the development or presence of insulin resistance and/or an impaired glucose metabolism. These parameters are studied in vivo in man by combining a dual stable isotope methodology with [ 2 H 2 ]-and [U-13 C]-palmitate tracers with the arterio-venous balance technique across forearm muscle and biochemical analyses in muscle biopsies. The insulin-resistant state is characterised by an elevated muscle TAG extraction, despite similar supply, and a reduced skeletal muscle lipid turnover, in particular after intake of a high fat, SFA fat meal, but not after a high fat, PUFA meal. Data are placed in the context of current literature, and underlying mechanisms and implications for long-term nutritional interventions are discussed. The prevalence of overweight and overweight-related metabolic disturbances is increasing at an alarming rate. Worldwide more than 50 % of the adults is overweight (>one billion individuals) and a further 12 % (475 million) can be classified as clinically obese. Every year at least 2·8 million adults die as a result of being overweight/obese (http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_fac-tors/overweight/en). Obesity is an important risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD. A disturbed lipid metabolism in multiple tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut and pancreas may play an important role in the development of insulin resistance (IR), an impaired glucose metabolism and T2DM. These disturbances, in particular an impaired adipose tissue lipid handling, may lead to systemic lipid overflow, increased circulating concentrations of NEFA and TAG and accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissues (1)(2)(3)(4) . This lipid overflow together with an impaired capacity to adjust fatty acid (FA) oxidation to FA supply in skeletal muscle (metabolic inflexibility (3) ) may cause excess fat storage in skeletal muscle, which is related to the development or worsening of IR. IR in concert with progressive β-cell failure leads to an increased blood glucose concentration in the non-diabetic range, classified as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). IFG (fasting glucose >5·6 mM/l) and IGT (2 h oral glucose tolerance testderived glucose concentration >7·8 mM) are intermediate states in the transition from a normal glucose tolerance towards T2DM. IFG and IGT may represent dis...

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Treatment for 2 mo with n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces adiposity and some atherogenic factors but does not improve insulin sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study

Cited by 222 publications

References 54 publications

Influence of genotype on the modulation of gene and protein expression by n-3 LC-PUFA in rats

Influence of genotype on the modulation of gene and protein expression by n-3 LC-PUFA in rats

Consumption of animal products, their nutrient components and postmenopausal circulating steroid hormone concentrations

Characterisation of fatty acid metabolism in different insulin-resistant phenotypes by means of stable isotopes

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