Treatment Guidelines for Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder

Further evidence of an association between adolescent bipolar disorder with smoking and substance use disorders: A controlled study

“…Our rates of co-occurring ADHD, disruptive and anxiety disorders were similar to other studies of prepubertal and adolescent BPD , Geller, et al, 2000, 2004, Kowatch, et al, 2005, Wozniak, et al, 1995. An important finding in the current study was that the higher risk of cigarette smoking and SUD in BPD youth was independent of other psychiatric comorbidity (ADHD, CD, multiple anxiety); disorders that have been associated independently with SUD (Weinberg, et al, 1998).…”

“…BPD is an increasingly recognized prevalent and persistent disorder affecting children and adolescence , Brady, et al, 1998, Geller, et al, 1998a, 2004, Geller and Luby, 1997, Weller, et al, 1995, Wozniak, et al, 1995, that commonly onsets prior to SUD (Stowell and Estroff, 1992, West, et al, 1996, Wilens, et al, 1997a. Also, persistent BPD into adulthood is associated with SUD (Dunner andFeinman, 1995, Strakowski, et al, 1998) and BPD is treatable (Kowatch, et al, 2005, Pavuluri, et al, 2004. Thus, efforts at improving the understanding of the nature of the association between BPD and SUD in the young can lead to further refinements in efforts aimed at mitigating this risk To this end, this study's main aim was to re examine the association between BPD and SUD in adolescents.…”

Mood disorders in childhood and adolescence

“…Maintenance time recommended for antidepressants is 8 weeks after depressive symptoms remission. 72 Although evidence-based data on the maintenance treatment for PBD is scarce, it has been recommended to maintain medication for 12 to 24 consecutive months after remission. The medication should be discontinued slowly, at a time of stability in the patient's life and carefully monitor for possible signs of instability or relapse.…”

“…The medication should be discontinued slowly, at a time of stability in the patient's life and carefully monitor for possible signs of instability or relapse. 72 The main objectives of psychotherapy in the treatment of children and adolescents with BD are understanding the disease; increasing family engagement; teaching strategies for solving problems and dealing with symptoms; reducing prejudice led by the disease; and preventing further recurrences. 73 The psychosocial interventions that have evidencebased efficacy are psychoeducation for parents and children, 74 family-focused therapy, 75,76 and CBT.…”

Evidence-Based Treatment

“…Guidelines for the assessment and management of bipolar disorder in adults and children have been produced by a variety of authoritative groups [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99].…”