Treatment of a highly-concentrated sulphate-rich synthetic wastewater using calcium hydroxide in a fluidised bed crystallizer

Systematic Investigations on Continuous Fluidized Bed Crystallization for Chiral Separation

“…Efforts have been made to develop design rules based on comparing it with the corresponding batch process [1,2] or to elucidate basic mechanisms, for example, the impurity incorporation and carryover [3]. Additionally, novel concepts, applying to example slug-flow [4], oscillatory baffled [5,6], Couette-Taylor [7,8] or fluidized bed crystallizers [9][10][11][12], as well as columns with static mixers [1] or coiled flow inverters [13], have been developed lately. These concepts exploiting tubular crystallizers in general are not superior nor applicable for every substance system or separation problem.…”

“…Fluidized bed crystallizers (FBCs) have recently been successfully exploited in wastewater treatment to recover phosphate [9,10], sulfates and magnesia [11], or boron [12] from diluted aqueous solutions. All of these studies aimed at a full conversion of the pollutant ions in the liquid phase to form a salt and utilized afterward the surface of fluidized, inert particles to collect the fine precipitate.…”