Treatment of Acute Graves Orbitopathy

Kazim, Michael; Trokel, Stephen L.; Moore, Sally

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32114-6

Cited by 95 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Most of the patients in the study showed a significant improvement in UFOF and disease activity following radiotherapy with or without oral immunosuppression. In common with other studies, 11,12 there were few adverse affects of radiotherapy in the short follow-up period. Although the study was uncontrolled, the treatment appeared to be very effective, encouraging us to treat patients with early but progressive ophthalmopathy in an attempt to prevent the development of more severe complications and disabilities.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Uniocular fields of fixation in thyroid eye disease

Steel¹,

Hoh²,

Potts³

et al. 1995

Eye

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Uniocular fields of fixation in thyroid eye disease

Steel¹,

Hoh²,

Potts³

et al. 1995

Eye

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“…The clinical course of GO is characterized by an initial active congestive phase, which is followed by an inactive fibrotic phase (14). The management of acute orbital inflammation comprises immunosuppressive treatment most commonly with high dose systemic corticosteroid treatment (15). It has been shown that glucocorticoids can effectively block the synthesis of COX-2 and PGE2 that might explain the clinical benefits with glucocorticoid therapy in GO (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in orbital fibroadipose connective tissues of Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients

Konuk¹,

Konuk²,

Mısırlıoğlu³

et al. 2006

eur j endocrinol

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Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of cycloocygenase-2 (COX-2) in orbital fibroadipose connective tissue in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) patients, and investigate the associations between COX-2 expression and GO characteristics. Methods: The orbital fibroadipose connective tissues of 23 cases demonstrating moderate or severe GO, and eight control subjects without any history of thyroid or autoimmune disease were analyzed for COX-2 mRNA expression. Real-time relative quantitative PCR was performed to assess transcripts of COX-2 using the LightCycler. The disease activity was evaluated by the clinical activity score (CAS). The clinical features of GO were evaluated by total eye score (TES) and the cases were divided into two groups; type 1 cases included higher degrees of proptosis with orbital fat volume increase, and type 2 cases included cases with compressive neuropathy and limited extraocular muscle functions. Results: The meanGS.D. disease duration was 5.7G7.1 years. The meanGS.D. CAS and TES of cases were 1.60G1.04 and 7.5G1.8 respectively. The meanGS.D. expression of COX-2 was 0.023G0.013 and 0.010G0.002 in GO cases and controls (PZ0.008), and 0.015G0.073 and 0.029G0.135 in type 1 and type 2 cases respectively (PZ0.007). COX-2 expression showed a statistically significant positive correlation with TES (rZ0.634, PZ0.001), and a negative correlation with the disease duration (rZK0.621, PZ0.002). Conclusions: COX-2 is expressed at higher levels in orbital fibroadipose tissues of GO cases. This showed a positive correlation with increasing severity of orbital disease suggesting possible relation with COX-2 expression and orbital inflammation in GO.European Journal of Endocrinology 155 681-685

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“…If radiotherapy merely destroyed resident lymphocytes, new populations of these cells would most likely repopulate the orbit and reinitiate the inflammatory response. 30 We do not understand how smoking promotes and prolongs acute-phase TAO. [31][32][33] This effect has been demonstrated almost exclusively in women.…”

Section: Some Unanswered Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%