Treatment of addiction and anxiety using extinction approaches: Neural mechanisms and their treatment implications

Kaplan, Gary B.; Heinrichs, Stephen C.; Carey, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.08.004

Cited by 86 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The cortico-amygdalar networks mediate the retrieval and maintenance of long-term fear memories 172 , as well as fear extinction 173 . Retrieval of alcohol-associated memories activates mTORC1 in the mPFC, orbitofrontal cortex and CeA 57 ; thus, this kinase is implicated in synaptic plasticity changes in the cortico-amygdalar circuitries that drive the retrieval and reconsolidation of these persistent memories, leading to relapse to alcohol seeking and drinking.…”

Section: From Signalling To Circuitriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-drinking behaviours

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main characteristic of alcohol use disorder is the consumption of large quantities of alcohol despite the negative consequences. The transition from the moderate use of alcohol to excessive, uncontrolled alcohol consumption results from neuroadaptations that cause aberrant motivational learning and memory processes. Here, we examine studies that have combined molecular and behavioural approaches in rodents to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that keep the social intake of alcohol in check, which we term ‘stop pathways’, and the neuroadaptations that underlie the transition from moderate to uncontrolled, excessive alcohol intake, which we term ‘go pathways’. We also discuss post-transcriptional, genetic and epigenetic alterations that underlie both types of pathways.

show abstract

Section: From Signalling To Circuitriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-drinking behaviours

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Preliminary research into CRT has found improvements in self-reported cognitive flexibility in individuals with AN (Tchanturia et al, 2007a). ERT, which targets conditioned fear responses and conditioned reward, has been used in the treatment of OCD (Foa et al, 2005) and addiction (Kaplan et al, 2011), and some success has been found with graded exposure to food cues in AN, reducing meal-related anxiety post-treatment (Steinglass et al, 2012a). …”

Section: Implications For Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: a transdiagnostic concept

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The compulsive nature of weight loss behaviors central to anorexia nervosa (AN), such as relentless self-starvation and over-exercise, has led to the suggestion of parallels between AN and other compulsive disorders such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and addictions. There is a huge unmet need for effective treatments in AN, which has high rates of morbidity and the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, yet a grave paucity of effective treatments. Viewing compulsivity as a transdiagnostic concept, seen in various manifestations across disorders, may help delineate the mechanisms responsible for the persistence of AN, and aid treatment development. We explore models of compulsivity that suggest dysfunction in cortico-striatal circuitry underpins compulsive behavior, and consider evidence of aberrancies in this circuitry across disorders. Excessive habit formation is considered as a mechanism by which initially rewarding weight loss behavior in AN may become compulsive over time, and the complex balance between positive and negative reinforcement in this process is considered. The physiological effects of starvation in promoting compulsivity, positive reinforcement, and habit formation are also discussed. Further research in AN may benefit from a focus on processes potentially underlying the development of compulsivity, such as aberrant reward processing and habit formation. We discuss the implications of a transdiagnostic perspective on compulsivity, and how it may contribute to the development of novel treatments for AN.

show abstract

“…Moreover, while smoking cessation medications relieve background craving (Waters et al, 2004; West, Baker, Cappelleri, & Bushmakin, 2008), the evidence for their ability to attenuate cue-induced craving is limited (Culbertson et al, 2011; Ferguson & Shiffman, 2009; Franklin et al, 2011; Morissette, Palfai, Gulliver, Spiegel, & Barlow, 2005; Niaura et al, 2005; Shiffman et al, 2003; Tiffany, Cox, & Elash, 2000; Waters, et al, 2004). Relapse rates after the discontinuation of medication suggests that medication may delay cue induced relapse for some smokers as the cue attenuating effects of medication are drug state dependent (Kaplan, Heinrichs, & Carey, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can repetitive mental simulation of smoking engender habituation?

Audrain-McGovern¹,

Aa²,

Ep³

2016

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Smoking cue exposure sensitizes smokers to cigarettes (i.e., increases cravings). Research examining the overlap between perception and mental imagery suggests that mentally simulating smoking a cigarette in a manner analogous to actually smoking should lead to habituation or a decrease in a smoker’s motivation to smoke. We sought to determine whether repetitive mental simulation of smoking can engender habituation thereby reducing smoking cue-induced craving and shifts in mood, latency to smoke, and the hedonic response to smoking. These hypotheses were tested in non-treatment seeking smokers (n=61; 24 female/ 37male) ages 18–55 years old, who were not incentivized to quit. We used a 2 (In Vivo Cue: Smoking, Neutral) x 2 (Imagery: Repetitive, Limited) within-subjects design. Results revealed that repetitive imagery altered the effect of cue type for negative mood and subjective cigarette reward as evidenced by significant imagery x cue interactions. Repetitive imagery after a smoking cue reduced negative mood more than limited imagery (β = −1.19, p = .004). Repetitive imagery also reduced the reward derived from smoking a cigarette more than limited imagery (β = −.41, p < .0001). Only main effects of cue type on craving (β = 3.39, p = .01) and positive mood (β = −1.18, p = .03) were found. Greater imagery strength predicted a longer latency to smoke (β = .76, p = .001). Cognitive strategies that directly engage cue-induced craving through repetitive smoking imagery may reduce smoking cue-induced increases in negative mood and reward from a cigarette lapse potentially preventing smoking relapse.

show abstract

Treatment of addiction and anxiety using extinction approaches: Neural mechanisms and their treatment implications

Cited by 86 publications

References 59 publications

Molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-drinking behaviours

Molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-drinking behaviours

Compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: a transdiagnostic concept

Can repetitive mental simulation of smoking engender habituation?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About