Treatment of adolescent gynecomastia

Laituri, Carrie A.; Garey, Carissa L.; Ostlie, Daniel J.; Peter, Shawn D. St.; Gittes, George K.; Snyder, Charles L.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.11.016

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In some cases, denial of cosmetic correction or procrastination in providing this may create an additional unnecessary burden on an already overloaded psyche. 71 The aims of surgical treatment of GM are to restore normal chest contours, eliminate the inframammary fold, correct the NAC position, remove redundant skin, create symmetry between the two halves of the chest and minimize scarring. 53 There are many surgical techniques and treatment protocols for correcting GM in the literature.…”

Section: Surgical Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54][55][56][57]69,[73][74][75][76][77][78] In most cases, considering that fibrous and fatty tissues need to be removed, the best results are achieved by combining liposuction and mammary adenectomy. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71]79 The presence of cutaneous ptosis and the amount of excessive skin are decisive in guiding the choice between surgical treatment methods. In our opinion liposuction alone should not be used and is limited only to cases of pure pseudogynecomastia.…”

Section: Surgical Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gynecomastia: physiopathology, evaluation and treatment

Barros

Sampaio

2012

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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Gynecomastia (GM) is characterized by enlargement of the male breast, caused by glandular proliferation and fat deposition. GM is common and occurs in adolescents, adults and in old age. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation and therapy of GM. A hormonal imbalance between estrogens and androgens is the key hallmark of GM generation. The etiology of GM is attributable to physiological factors, endocrine tumors or dysfunctions, non-endocrine diseases, drug use or idiopathic causes. Clinical evaluation must address diagnostic confirmation, search for an etiological factor and classify GM into severity grades to guide the treatment. A proposal for tailored therapy is presented. Weight loss, reassurance, pharmacotherapy with tamoxifen and surgical correction are the therapeutic options. For long-standing GM, the best results are generally achieved through surgery, combining liposuction and mammary adenectomy. ReSUMOA ginecomastia (GM) é caracterizada pelo aumento do volume mamário em homens, provocada por proliferação glandular e depósito de gordura. É comum e pode ocorrer em adolescentes, adultos e idosos. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir a fisiopatologia, etiologia, avaliação clínica e terapia da GM. Um desequilíbrio entre estrogênios e androgênios é reconhecido como a condição fundamental para a determinação do quadro, podendo ser atribuído a fatores fisiológicos, tumores ou distúrbios endócrinos, doenças não-endócrinas, uso de drogas ou ser de causa idiopática. A avaliação clínica deve enfocar a confirmação diagnóstica, a procura de uma causa específica e a classificação em graus de gravidade para orientar o tratamento. Um roteiro de conduta individualizada é apresentado, variando entre perda de peso e explicações verbais, tratamento com tamoxifeno e correção cirúrgica. Para casos de GM persistente, os melhores resultados são obtidos em geral mediante abordagem cirúrgica, combinando lipoaspiração e adenectomia mamária.

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Section: Surgical Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surgical Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynecomastia: physiopathology, evaluation and treatment

Barros

Sampaio

2012

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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“…Cerrahi teknik olarak 1946'da tanımlanan İSSM yöntemi özellikle ergen jinekomastisinde tatmin edici sonuçlar vermektedir (15,16) . Ancak, fazlaca doku ve cilt çıkarılması gereken Simon-III jinekomastilerde, plastik cerrahinin kadınlarda meme küçültülme için 1970 yılından itibaren bazı modifikasyonlarla geliştirdiği VRM yöntemi kullanılmaktadır (17)(18)(19)(20) . Bir çalışmada, özellikle çocuklarda Simon-III jinekomastide cildi eksize etmeden modifiye periareolar insizyonla yapılan mastektominin erken dönem sonuçlarının çok iyi olduğu, başka bir çalışmada ise hafif olgularda İSSM, ağır olgularda ise VRM yönteminin daha uygun olacağı bildirilmiştir (20,21) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ancak, fazlaca doku ve cilt çıkarılması gereken Simon-III jinekomastilerde, plastik cerrahinin kadınlarda meme küçültülme için 1970 yılından itibaren bazı modifikasyonlarla geliştirdiği VRM yöntemi kullanılmaktadır (17)(18)(19)(20) . Bir çalışmada, özellikle çocuklarda Simon-III jinekomastide cildi eksize etmeden modifiye periareolar insizyonla yapılan mastektominin erken dönem sonuçlarının çok iyi olduğu, başka bir çalışmada ise hafif olgularda İSSM, ağır olgularda ise VRM yönteminin daha uygun olacağı bildirilmiştir (20,21) . Bununla birlikte, Greuse ve ark., kadınlarda VRM tekniğiyle yapılan meme küçültme ameliyatları sonrası 500 gramdan fazla doku çıkarılanlarda basınç duyarlığının bir yıl sonra düzeldiğini, ancak sıcaklık ve titreşim duyarlılığının azalmış olarak kaldığına dikkat çekmektedir (22) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Surgical Treatment Results in Adolescent Gynecomastia

Özaydın¹,

Emre²,

Kuzdan³

et al. 2021

Tcdd

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“…Although unilateral gynecomastia, e.g., the development of breast tissue in boys and men that occurs in only one breast, has been reported [17, 18], there is little information available about whether consistent LR biases occur. Similarly, breast development in girls can be asymmetric, with unilateral development that can persist for up to 2 years before the second breast develops [19]; again, LR biases have not been routinely reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric development of the male mouse mammary gland and its response to a prenatal or postnatal estrogen challenge

Pokharel

Kolla

Matouskova

et al. 2018

Reproductive Toxicology

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The CD-1 mouse mammary gland is sexually dimorphic, with males lacking nipples. Recent studies have revealed that the underlying epithelium in the male mammary gland is sensitive to estrogenic environmental chemicals. In ongoing investigations, we observed asymmetric morphology in the left and right male mouse mammary glands. Here, we quantified these asymmetries in the embryonic, prepubertal, pubertal and adult male mammary gland. We found that the right gland was typically larger with more branching points compared to the left gland. We next evaluated the response of the left and right glands to 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) after perinatal or peripubertal exposures. We found that the right gland was more responsive to EE2 than the left at both periods of exposure. These results reveal novel aspects of male mammary gland biology and suggest that future studies should control for laterality in the evaluation of hazards associated with exposures to estrogenic chemicals.

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Treatment of adolescent gynecomastia

Cited by 29 publications

References 21 publications

Gynecomastia: physiopathology, evaluation and treatment

Gynecomastia: physiopathology, evaluation and treatment

Surgical Treatment Results in Adolescent Gynecomastia

Asymmetric development of the male mouse mammary gland and its response to a prenatal or postnatal estrogen challenge

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