Treatment of Adolescents

Kirkland, Anna E.; Gex, Kathryn S.; Bryant, Brittany E.; Squeglia, Lindsay M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32483-3_18

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 95 publications

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“…Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational therapy, as well as family-based approaches, have all demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in treating alcohol use disorders among youth [ 18 ]. Although pharmaceutical therapies are not commonly used to treat alcohol use disorders among youth in most jurisdictions, research has demonstrated that these approaches can be helpful in some circumstances [ 18 ], particularly when combined with psychological and behavioral treatments [ 19 , 20 ]. Given that little is known about how sex- and gender-related factors are assessed and reported within the youth-focused alcohol treatment intervention evidence base, the objective of this study is to provide a methodological systematic review to document and assess how sex characteristics, gender identities, and gender modalities are operationalized in alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth, including adolescents and young adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sex- and gender-based analysis of alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth: A methodological systematic review

Lowik,

Mniszak,

Pang

et al. 2024

PLoS Med

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Background While there is widespread consensus that sex- and gender-related factors are important for how interventions are designed, implemented, and evaluated, it is not currently known how alcohol treatment research accounts for sex characteristics and/or gender identities and modalities. This methodological systematic review documents and assesses how sex characteristics, gender identities, and gender modalities are operationalized in alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth. Methods and findings We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LGBT Life, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and grey literature from 2008 to 2023. We included articles that reported genders and/or sexes of participants 30 years of age and under and screened participants using AUDIT, AUDIT-C, or a structured interview using DSM-IV criteria. We limited the inclusion to studies that enrolled participants in alcohol treatment interventions and used a quantitative study design. We provide a narrative overview of the findings. Of 8,019 studies screened for inclusion, 86 articles were included in the review. None of the studies defined, measured, and reported both sex and gender variables accurately. Only 2 studies reported including trans participants. Most of the studies used gender or sex measures as a covariate to control for the effects of sex or gender on the intervention but did not discuss the rationale for or implications of this procedure. Conclusions Our findings identify that the majority of alcohol treatment intervention research with youth conflate sex and gender factors, including terminologically, conceptually, and methodologically. Based on these findings, we recommend future research in this area define and account for a spectrum of gender modalities, identities, and/or sex characteristics throughout the research life cycle, including during study design, data collection, data analysis, and reporting. It is also imperative that sex and gender variables are used expansively to ensure that intersex and trans youth are meaningfully integrated. Trial registration Registration: PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42019119408

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sex- and gender-based analysis of alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth: A methodological systematic review

Lowik,

Mniszak,

Pang

et al. 2024

PLoS Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Effect of N‐acetylcysteine on neural alcohol cue reactivity and craving in adolescents who drink heavily: A preliminary randomized clinical trial

Green,

Kirkland,

Browning

et al. 2024

Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research

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BackgroundAlcohol craving is related to problematic alcohol use; therefore, pharmacotherapies that modulate alcohol craving are of interest. N‐acetylcysteine, an over‐the‐counter antioxidant, is a candidate pharmacotherapy for adolescent alcohol use with the potential to impact craving. Cue‐reactivity paradigms using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can identify neural regions implicated in craving and serve as a screening tool for novel pharmacotherapy options.MethodsThis preliminary study examined the effect of N‐acetylcysteine on neural reactivity to alcohol cues and subjective craving among 31 non‐treatment‐seeking adolescents (17.6–19.9 years old, 55% female) who use alcohol heavily. In a randomized cross‐over design, participants completed three fMRI sessions: baseline and after a 10‐day course of N‐acetylcysteine (1200 mg twice daily) and matched placebo. The primary outcome was neural response to alcohol versus non‐alcohol beverage cues after N‐acetylcysteine versus placebo, with a secondary outcome of self‐reported subjective craving.ResultsIn the full sample (n = 31), there was no effect of N‐acetylcysteine versus placebo on neural alcohol reactivity (ps ≥ 0.49; s = 0.00–0.07) or self‐reported acute alcohol craving (p = 0.18, = 0.06). However, N‐acetylcysteine did reduce self‐reported generalized alcohol craving (p = 0.03, = 0.15). In a subsample of youth who met criteria for past‐year alcohol use disorder (n = 19), results remained unchanged.ConclusionsN‐acetylcysteine may not alter neural reactivity to alcohol cues or acute craving; however, it may reduce general subjective alcohol craving among adolescents who consume alcohol heavily.

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Treatment of Adolescents

Cited by 2 publications

References 95 publications

A sex- and gender-based analysis of alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth: A methodological systematic review

A sex- and gender-based analysis of alcohol treatment intervention research involving youth: A methodological systematic review

Effect of N‐acetylcysteine on neural alcohol cue reactivity and craving in adolescents who drink heavily: A preliminary randomized clinical trial

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