Treatment of advanced‐stage canine nasal carcinomas with toceranib phosphate: 23 cases (2015–2020)

Abstract

Objective To determine the median survival time (MST) of dogs with nasal carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate. Material and methods The databases of four Spanish referral hospitals were retrospectively searched for dogs with a diagnosis of nasal tumours presented between January 2015 and October 2020. Dogs treated with radiotherapy or other chemotherapies prior toceranib were excluded. Results Twenty‐three dogs with a confirmed nasal carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate and with a CT scan for initial staging according to Adams Modified Staging System were included. Nine dogs had a stage III nasal carcinoma whereas 14 dogs had a stage IV nasal carcinoma. No dog had stages I and II nasal carcinoma. The median overall survival time was 139 days. The difference between the MST between dogs with stages III and IV was not statistically significant [P = 0.6, 140 days for stage III (range 46–401) vs 120 days for stage IV (range 23–600)]. Overall, dogs with epistaxis achieved a longer median survival (166 days) than dogs without epistaxis (83 days). Toceranib phosphate was generally well tolerated. Most dogs had an initial clinical benefit followed by progressive disease. Significance This is the first study to report the MST in dogs with stages III and IV nasal carcinoma treated with toceranib phosphate. This retrospective study showed that toceranib phosphate decreases the clinical signs associated with nasal carcinomas.

Spotlight on capecitabine for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic carcinoma of various origin: A retrospective study of 25 dogs

“…Dogs with locally advanced and/or metastatic carcinoma of various origin have limited treatment options. [15][16][17][18] Capecitabine is a prodrug F I G U R E 2 Kaplan-Meier estimations of PFI in dogs with carcinoma receiving capecitabine (median PFI, 107 days; 95% CI, 64-154 days). Censored: not progressed at the end of the study.…”

“…Dogs with locally advanced and/or metastatic carcinoma of various origin have limited treatment options 15–18 . Capecitabine is a prodrug that offers the advantages of an orally‐administered therapy with potentially fewer toxic effects than conventional bolus regimens.…”

“…14 Dogs with locally advanced and/or metastatic carcinoma of various anatomic origin have limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis with poor quality of life. [15][16][17][18] Given this background and the therapeutic index documented in human oncology patients, the aim of this retrospective study was to investigate toxicity and preliminary efficacy of single agent capecitabine in dogs with advanced malignant epithelial cancers.…”

“…Dogs with locally advanced and/or metastatic carcinoma of various anatomic origin have limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis with poor quality of life 15–18 …”

Toceranib phosphate and firocoxib-mediated partial response in a dog with advanced intranasal sarcoma

“…TOC also suppresses PDGFRα/β and VEGFR signaling, thereby preventing the angiogenesis required for tumor growth [ 10 ]. Thus, TOC shows anti-tumor effects on not only MCTs but also other various canine solid tumors, including anal sac adenocarcinoma, chemodectoma, insulinoma, thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, small intestinal adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and intranasal carcinoma [ 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 34 ]. KIT and/or PDGFRα/β are expressed in canine intranasal carcinoma [ 11 , 16 ].…”