Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects With Microfracture and Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis Leads to Extensive Subchondral Bone Cyst Formation in a Sheep Model

Beck, Aswin; Murphy, David J.; Carey-Smith, Richard; Wood, David; Zheng, Minghao

doi:10.1177/0363546516652619

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Experts hypothesize that subchondral bone cyst formation may be caused by an influx of synovial fluid in subarticular bone, resulting in a localized increase in synovial fluid pressure and cytokine-induced, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. 16,17 The senior author believes that these subchondral changes can be minimized by drilling the lesion rather than using an awl, avoiding confluence of the drill holes, and avoiding postoperative loading of the newly prepared lesion for at least 6 weeks. Conceptually, if the patient loads the freshly prepared lesion, the bone responds similar to fracture repair, including bone overgrowth and sclerotic changes.…”

Section: Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilage Restoration: Microfracture and Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation

2018

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The treatment of patellofemoral cartilage defects presents several distinct challenges when compared with cartilage restoration techniques used for other compartments of the knee due to the unique anatomy and distribution of forces. The etiologies of patellofemoral articular cartilage lesions include acute traumatic instability injuries, such as dislocation and subluxation, osteochondritis dissecans, and chronic degenerative changes. Regardless of the etiology, untreated patellofemoral cartilage lesions can contribute to activity-limiting anterior knee pain. The goal of patellofemoral cartilage restoration procedures is to impart symptomatic relief and improve quality of life by repairing the articular cartilage surface and any comorbid malalignment or maltracking.Microfracture and osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) are two cartilage restoration procedures to consider when treating full-thickness patellofemoral chondral defects. Considered by some experts to be the gold standard therapy, microfracture is one of the most common procedures used for cartilage restoration. The technique involves the perforation of the subchondral bone plate for the release of marrow elements, filling the defect with a fibrocartilage clot repair. Though less commonly used, OAT allows defect replacement with native hyaline cartilage via autologous transplantation from a non-weight bearing area. The purpose of this article is to discuss the indication, technical considerations, and outcomes of microfracture and OAT when used for treating chondral lesions of the patellofemoral joint.

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Section: Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilage Restoration: Microfracture and Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation

2018

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“…Although the AMIC procedure seems to have a beneficial effect on OCLs of the talus, diverse results of microfracture and AMIC use have been presented. In a sheep model, Beck et al (27) used a different collagen membrane and showed bone cyst formation after microfracturing with a communication present between the drilling holes and the cysts. Another study, by Zhang et al (28), demonstrated with a short-term follow-up period that the clinical symptoms had significantly improved.…”

Section: Amic Microfracturing Osteochondral Defects Osteochondrosis Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Medium-Term Results After Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Gottschalk

Altenberger

Baumbach

et al. 2017

The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery

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Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) has gained popularity in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus. Previous studies have presented promising short-term results for AMIC talar osteochondral lesion repair, a 1-step technique using a collagen type I/III bilayer matrix. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mid-term effects. The 5-year results of a prospective cohort study are presented. All patients underwent an open AMIC procedure for a talar osteochondral lesion. Data analysis included general demographic data, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings, intraoperative details, and German version of the Foot Function Index (FFI-D) scores preoperatively and at 1 and 5 years after surgery. The primary outcome variable was the longitudinal effect of the procedure, and the influence of various variables on the outcome was tested. Of 47 consecutive patients, 21 (45%) were included. Of the 21 patients, 8 were female (38%) and 13 were male (62%), with a mean age of 37 ± 15 (range 15 to 62) years and a body mass index of 26 ± 5 (range 20 to 38) kg/m. The defect size was 1.4 ± 0.9 (range 0.2 to 4.0) cm. The FFI-D decreased significantly from preoperatively to 1 year postoperatively (56 ± 18 versus 33 ± 25; p = .003), with a further, nonsignificant decrease between the 1- and 5-year follow-up examination (33 ± 25 versus 24 ± 21; p = .457). Similar results were found for the FFI-D subscales of function and pain. The body mass index and lesion size showed a positive correlation with the preoperative FFI-D overall and subscale scores. These results showed a significant improvement in pain and function after the AMIC procedure, with a significant return to sports by the 5-year follow-up point. The greatest improvement overall was seen within the first year; however, further clinical satisfaction among the patients was noticeable after 5 years.

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“…Auch wurde bei diesen Patienten im Vergleich zu solchen ohne vermehrte Knochenbildung ein 10-fach höheres Versagensrisiko (p < 0,01) beobachtet [76]. Die zusätzliche Verwendung einer abdeckenden Kollagenmembran nach MFx hat bisher weder im Tierversuch noch beim Menschen die überwiegende Entstehung von Faserknorpel oder auch die Bildung intraläsionaler Osteophyten verhindern können [45,77,78].…”

Section: Biologische Erkenntnisse Und Allgemeine Aspekte Zu Verschiedunclassified

Biologische Rekonstruktion lokalisiert vollschichtiger Knorpelschäden des Hüftgelenks: Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Klinische Geweberegeneration“ der DGOU und des Hüftkomitees der AGA

et al. 2017

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Symptomatic pre-arthritic deformities such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or hip dysplasia often lead to localised cartilage defects and subsequently to osteoarthritis. The present review of the working group "Clinical Tissue Regeneration" of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma (DGOU) and the hip committee of the AGA (German speaking Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery) provides an overview of current knowledge of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cartilage defects, in order to infer appropriate therapy recommendations for the hip. Review of FAI and resultant cartilage damage in the hip as reported in published study findings in the literature and discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of different surgical procedures to preserve the joint. Most published studies on the surgical treatment of cartilage damage in the hip report defects caused by cam-type FAI at the acetabulum. Development of these defects can be prevented by timely elimination of the relevant deformities. At present, current full-thickness cartilage defects are mostly treated with bone marrow-stimulating techniques such as microfracture (MFx), with or without a biomaterial, and matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT). Osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) is not the treatment of choice for isolated full-thickness chondral defects at the hip, because of the unfavourable risk-benefit profile. Due to the relatively short history of cartilage repair surgery on the hip, the studies available on these procedures have low levels of evidence. However, it is already becoming obvious that the experience gained with the same procedures on the knee can be applied to the hip as well. For example, limited healing and regeneration of chondral defects after MFx can also be observed at the hip joint. The cartilage surface of the acetabulum, where FAI-related chondral lesions appear, is considerably smaller than the weight-bearing cartilage surface of the knee joint. However, as in the knee joint, MACT is the therapy of choice for full-thickness cartilage defects of more than 1.5 - 2 cm. Minimally invasive types of MACT (e.g. injectable chondrocyte implants) should be preferred in the hip joint. In cases where a single-stage procedure is indicated or there are other compelling reasons for not performing a MACT, a bone marrow-stimulating technique in combination with a biomaterial covering is preferable to standard MFx. For treatment of lesions smaller than 1.5 - 2 cm the indication for a single-stage procedure is wider. As with defects in the knee, it is not possible to determine a definite upper age limit for joint-preserving surgery or MACT in the hip, as the chronological age of patients does not necessarily correlate with their biological age or the condition of their joints. Advanced osteoarthritis of the hip is a contraindication for any kind of hip-preserving surgery. Long-term observations and prospective randomised studies like those carried out for other joints are necessary.

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Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects With Microfracture and Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis Leads to Extensive Subchondral Bone Cyst Formation in a Sheep Model

Abstract: The potential of microfracture technique to induce subchondral bone pathology should be considered.

Cited by 40 publications

References 54 publications

Cartilage Restoration: Microfracture and Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation

Cartilage Restoration: Microfracture and Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation

Functional Medium-Term Results After Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus: A 5-Year Prospective Cohort Study

Biologische Rekonstruktion lokalisiert vollschichtiger Knorpelschäden des Hüftgelenks: Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Klinische Geweberegeneration“ der DGOU und des Hüftkomitees der AGA

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