“…Of note, both stroke and bleeding risk increase at lower GFRs, [3][4][5][6] such that there is less certainty regarding the benefits and risks associated with anticoagulation treatment in individuals with advanced CKD and AF. 7 In this issue of AJKD, Jun et al 8 present results of an observational investigation evaluating the overall safety and effectiveness of warfarin for thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with AF according to level of estimated GFR. This study included data from patients 66 years and older (mean, 78 years) with and without reduced GFR from Alberta, Canada, who had coexisting nonvalvular AF.…”