Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents

Association Between Medication Use and Performance on Higher Education Entrance Tests in Individuals With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

“…Our results corroborate the emerging evidence from randomized clinical trials [36][37][38] and observational studies [39][40][41] that the medication is associated with a small improvement in standardised tests or GPA, 18 and further extend the evidence to the age range of adolescence and adulthood which has been particularly understudied. 42 This effect size, albeit small, approximates to the increment of 0.05 in the normed test scores. Such improvement might translate to a higher rank among test applicants, potentially enhancing the chances of receiving higher education.…”

A longitudinal examination of dyadic distress patterns following a skills intervention for carers of adolescents with anorexia nervosa

“…The need for non-pharmacological interventions can be explained by numerous reasons. First, although pharmacological treatments are efficacious and widely used [21], its long-term effectiveness remains to be established [57]. Second, nonadherence to medication has been observed in some individuals with ADHD who experience adverse side effects, including mood instability, heart palpation, nausea and anxiety [58].…”

“…Other studies have found certain personality features, such as inspiration and feelings of togetherness, to facilitate coping strategies in individuals with ADHD [19]. Supportive factors in the environment, such as special education programs and pharmacological treatments, have been shown to reduce challenges in ADHD [20,21], while lack of support and negative attitudes from family members often result in increased behavioural problems [22]. To standardize the assessment of functioning and environmental influences in individual cases of ADHD in clinical, research and educational settings, it would be helpful to have internationally, accepted classification tools available.…”

Dropout from physical activity interventions in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The estimated prevalence of ADHD in children is 3 to 4% (Polanczyk, Salum, Sugaya, Caye, & Rohde, 2015). Currently, treatment of ADHD frequently relies on pharmacotherapy, with stimulants such as methylphenidate and dexamphetamine constituting the first-line and the noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine the second-line treatment (Chan, Fogler, & Hammerness, 2016). Pharmacotherapy is associated with side-effects, including appetite suppression, gastrointestinal symptoms, insomnia, tics and even more severe adverse effects such as cardiac problems and growth retardation (Thapar & Cooper, 2016).…”