Treatment of Bare Root Spruce Seedlings with Permethrin against Pine Weevil before Lifting

Abstract

The possibility of applying permethrin on coniferous bare root seedlings to protect them against pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) in the transplant lines may avoid or diminish problems connected with dipping or spraying plant bundles with the insecticide after lifting. Spraying 0.5 or 1% permethrin solution on bare root spruce seedlings in the transplant lines resulted in initial amounts of about 0.35 and 0.74 mg permethrin mm − 2 bark on the lower part of the plant stem. This amount diminished during the first month to a level that remained stable for a period of at least 1.5 yrs. The permethrin that reached the soil was degraded with a half-life of 3-4 months. The trans isomer was degraded more rapidly than the cis isomer.

Permethrin Contamination of Sawgrass Marshes and Potential Risk for the Imperiled Klot's Skipper Butterfly (Euphyes pilatka klotsi)

“…Few studies reporting on permethrin dissipation from foliage over the time frame of the present study were found. Many shorter term studies reported the decline of permethrin residues on foliage following sprays and estimated half‐lives ranging from 2 to 14 days (Antonious, 2021; Heshmati et al, 2020; Knepper et al, 1996; Southwick et al, 1983; Sundraram et al, 1992; Torstensson et al, 1999; Willis et al, 1992, 1994). A pair of longer term studies reported detectable permethrin residues on plants up to 2 years after a spray (Sundraram et al, 1992; Torstensson et al, 1999).…”

“…Many shorter term studies reported the decline of permethrin residues on foliage following sprays and estimated half‐lives ranging from 2 to 14 days (Antonious, 2021; Heshmati et al, 2020; Knepper et al, 1996; Southwick et al, 1983; Sundraram et al, 1992; Torstensson et al, 1999; Willis et al, 1992, 1994). A pair of longer term studies reported detectable permethrin residues on plants up to 2 years after a spray (Sundraram et al, 1992; Torstensson et al, 1999). Both showed an initial rapid decline within approximately 1 month of the spray, in agreement with the previously mentioned half‐lives.…”

Ecology, management and damage by the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in coniferous forests within Europe

“…Seedlings can be treated in three different ways: treatment of seedlings in the nursery directly on the flowerbed before picking, dipping the aboveground part of bundles in insecticidal solution before planting, spraying the seedlings with insecticide after planting (Torstensson et al 1999;Varínsky 2011).…”

Inundative pest control: How risky is it? A case study using entomopathogenic nematodes in a forest ecosystem

“…The pine weevil has been controlled in Ireland and elsewhere mainly by applying chemical pesticide (most recently cypermethrin or α-cypermethrin) to replanted seedlings before and/or after planting (e.g. Torstensson et al, 1999;Willoughby et al, 2004). EPN, as part of an integrated pest management strategy, are intended to help replace cypermethrin and α-cypermethrin as their use is phased out in the European Union under sustainable forest management (SFM) policies.…”